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Semantic ScholarApplied Informatics 2003: Innsbruck, Austria
M. H. Hamza:
The 21st IASTED International Multi-Conference on Applied Informatics (AI 2003), February 10-13, 2003, Innsbruck, Austria. IASTED/ACTA Press 2003, ISBN 0-88986-345-8
I. Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIA)
Machine Learning and Data Mining
Francisco Azuaje:
An Immune-inspired Approach to Learning and Classification. Applied Informatics 2003: 1-6Takehisa Yairi, Masahito Togami, Koichi Hori:
Learning Topological Structures of POMDP-based State Transition Models by State Splitting Method. Applied Informatics 2003: 7-12Shigeaki Sakurai, Akihiro Suyama, Kosei Fume:
Acquisition of a Concept Relation Dictionary for Classifying E-mails. Applied Informatics 2003: 13-19Ichiro Nagasaka, Makoto Kikuchi, Shinzo Kitamura:
A Formal Analysis of Classifier System and Interface between Learning System and Environment. Applied Informatics 2003: 20-25Larry D. Pyeatt:
Reinforcement Learning with Decision Trees. Applied Informatics 2003: 26-31Fazel Famili, Junjun Ouyang:
Data Mining: Understanding Data and Disease Modeling. Applied Informatics 2003: 32-37Luciana Bordoni, Sandro Spadaro:
The Data Mining Techniques in the Macroeconomic Field. Applied Informatics 2003: 38-43
Intelligent Databases
Hwan-Kook Bae, Sa-Joon Park, Ki-Tae Kim:
Concept-based Search System using Context-conserving Extension based on Conceptual Graph. Applied Informatics 2003: 44-49Gianluigi Folino, Giandomenico Spezzano:
SPARROW: A Spatial Clustering Algorithm using Swarm Intelligence. Applied Informatics 2003: 50-55Un-Don Choi, Jong-Hee Park:
EOM Layered Implementation of Life Cycle. Applied Informatics 2003: 56-59Juan Carlos Acosta Guadarrama, Mauricio Javier Osorio Galindo:
Towards Modelling an Intelligent Calendar Agent with LUPS. Applied Informatics 2003: 60-65Faisal Akkawi, Atef Bader, Tzilla Elrad:
Intelligent Concurrent Systems. Applied Informatics 2003: 66-71Viktor Mashkov, Vladimír Marík:
Diagnosing Faulty Situations during Alliance Formation Process. Applied Informatics 2003: 72-78Robert C. Mintram, Jonathan Vincent:
A General Framework for the Transformation of Structured Data into Vector Representations. Applied Informatics 2003: 79-84
Genetic Algorithms
Ralf Salomon:
The Force Model: Concept, Behavior, Interpretation. Applied Informatics 2003: 85-90Jonathan Vincent, Robert C. Mintram:
On the Scalability of a Parallel Genetic Algorithm based on Domain Decomposition. Applied Informatics 2003: 91-96Benjamín Barán, Matilde Schaerer:
A Multiobjective Ant Colony System for Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows. Applied Informatics 2003: 97-102Yiming Li, Yen-Yu Cho:
A Novel Approach for Parameter Extraction and Characteristics Simulation of Deep-Submicron MOSFET's with a Genetic Algorithm. Applied Informatics 2003: 103-108Rolf Drechsler, Nicole Drechsler:
Minimization of Transitions by Complementation and Resequencing using Evolutionary Algorithms. Applied Informatics 2003: 109-114Nader Nariman-Zadeh, A. Darvizeh, G. R. Ahmad-zadeh:
Modelling of Explosive Welding Process using GMDH-type Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms. Applied Informatics 2003: 115-120
Artificial Intelligence and Applications I
Feng-Hsiung Hou:
Impact on Information Technology Usage and Organizational Performance in Taiwanese Business Organizations. Applied Informatics 2003: 121-125Bo Li, Huosheng Hu, Libor Spacek:
An Adaptive Color Segmentation Algorithm for Sony Legged Robots. Applied Informatics 2003: 126-131Paul Robertson, Robert Laddaga:
An Agent Architecture for Information Fusion and its Application to Robust Face Identification. Applied Informatics 2003: 132-139Tomoichi Takahashi, Yasunori Nagasaka, Toru Takeshita, Toshihiko Aoki, Hiroyuki Fudaba:
A Decision of Agent-based Interface Among Nursing Support Services. Applied Informatics 2003: 140-144Rowena Chau, Chung-Hsing Yeh, Kate A. Smith:
Developing a Personal Multilingual Web Space. Applied Informatics 2003: 145-150Attilio Colagrossi, Angela Scaringella:
XML Technology for the Diffusion of the Awareness of Water Resources. Applied Informatics 2003: 151-155Sergey Kornienko, Olga Kornienko, Paul Levi:
Flexible Manufacturing Process Planning based on the Multi-agent Technology. Applied Informatics 2003: 156-161Ludek Bártek:
Improvements to a Dialogue Interface for a Library System. Applied Informatics 2003: 162-165Ikuko Eguchi Yairi, Takehisa Yairi, Seiji Igi:
Intention Recognition for Vehicle Driving by Sensing of User and Environment. Applied Informatics 2003: 166-171Katsunori Shindo, Noboru Koshizuka, Ken Sakamura:
Large-scale Ubiquitous Information System for Digital Museum. Applied Informatics 2003: 172-178Soundararajan Ezekiel, Matthew J. Barrick, Matthew Lang:
Seismic Signal Analysis using Correlation Dimension. Applied Informatics 2003: 179-182
Artificial Intelligence and Applications II
María Elena López Guillén, Rafael Barea, Luis Miguel Bergasa, María Soledad Escudero:
Visually Augmented POMDP for Indoor Robot Navigation. Applied Informatics 2003: 183-187Branko Horvat, Milan Ojstersek, Zlatko Cajic:
SRAKA: A Case of Web Portal Architecture Centered around Horizontal Services. Applied Informatics 2003: 188-193Chengyuan Peng, Petri Vuorimaa:
An Intelligent Architecture for Mobile Digital Television Applications. Applied Informatics 2003: 194-199Kantip Kiratiratanaphrug, Suwich Kunaruttanapruk, R. Budsayaplakorn, Somchai Jitapunkul:
Segmentation of Thai Handwritten Word using Heuristic Method based on Distinctive Features. Applied Informatics 2003: 200-204Mihai Lazarescu, Andrew Turpin:
Classifying Glaucomatous Progression using Decision Trees. Applied Informatics 2003: 205-209Jun Kong, Kang Zhang, Mao Lin Huang:
Application-oriented Spatial Graph Grammars. Applied Informatics 2003: 210-215Milan Sigmund, Tomás Dostál:
Speaker-specific Long-time Spectrum. Applied Informatics 2003: 216-219Soundararajan Ezekiel:
Medical Image Segmentation using Multifractal Analysis. Applied Informatics 2003: 220-224Richard Mitchell:
Forecasting Electricity Demand using Clustering. Applied Informatics 2003: 225-230Luis Miguel Bergasa, Rafael Barea, Elena López Guillén, María Soledad Escudero, Luciano Boquete, Juan I. Pinedo:
Facial Features Tracking Applied to Drivers Drowsiness Detection. Applied Informatics 2003: 231-236
Neural Networks
Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, George Kouzas, Christos Anagnostopoulos, I. D. Psoroulas, Dimitrios D. Vergados, Vassilis Loumos, Eleftherios Kayafas:
An Artificial Neural Network Approach for Classifying E-Commerce Web Pages. Applied Informatics 2003: 237-242Tatyana Baidyk, Ernst M. Kussul, Oleksandr Makeyev:
Image Recognition System for Microdevice Assembly. Applied Informatics 2003: 243-248Efram Dawit, Thotsapon Sortrakul:
Forward Integrated Feature and Architecture Selection Algorithm using Neural Networks. Applied Informatics 2003: 249-254Hiroyuki Takizawa, Taira Nakajima, Kentaro Sano, Hiroaki Kobayashi:
A Comparison Study of Vector Quantization Codebook Design Algorithms based on the Equidistortion Principle. Applied Informatics 2003: 255-261Hiroyuki Takizawa:
A Decision Criterion to Relocate Codewords for Adaptive Vector Quantization. Applied Informatics 2003: 262-268José B. Galván:
Comparison of Training Algorithms for Optimal Neural Controllers. Applied Informatics 2003: 269-274José María Valls, Inés María Galván, Pedro Isasi:
How the Selection of Training Patterns can Improve the Generalization Capability in Radial Basis Neural Networks. Applied Informatics 2003: 275-280Juan Manuel Alonso-Weber, Inés María Galván, Araceli Sanchis de Miguel:
Modified Self-organizing Maps for Line Extraction in Digitized Text Documents. Applied Informatics 2003: 281-286Mohamad Hani Ahmad Fadzil, A. M. Intan Mastura:
Identification of Handwritten Digits. Applied Informatics 2003: 287-291Arturo Pérez-García, Víctor Ayala-Ramírez, René Jaime-Rivas:
Fuzzy Visual Servoing for an Active Camera. Applied Informatics 2003: 292-296Grammatiki Tsaganou, Maria Grigoriadou, Theodora Cavoura:
Diagnostic and Learning Interaction System for Historical Text Comprehension. Applied Informatics 2003: 297-302
Knowledge Acquisition, Representation, and Reasoning
David Camacho, Miguel A. López, Ricardo Aler:
Semi-Automatic Parsing for Web Knowledge Extraction. Applied Informatics 2003: 303-308Sandor Dembitz, Petar Knezevic, Mladen Sokele:
Knowledge Acquisition and Energy: A Case Study. Applied Informatics 2003: 309-314Carlos Antonio Acosta Calderon, Huosheng Hu:
Robotic Societies: Elements of Learning by Imitation. Applied Informatics 2003: 315-320Mohd Fairuz Yusof, Eng-Thiam Yeoh:
Representation of Multimedia Concepts and Objects in a Virtual Education Environment. Applied Informatics 2003: 321-326Bo Hu, Ernesto Compatangelo, Inés Arana:
Infusion: A Hybrid Reasoning System with Description Logics. Applied Informatics 2003: 327-332Mazen El-Sayed, Daniel Pacholczyk:
Linguistic Modifiers and Approximate Reasoning. Applied Informatics 2003: 333-338L. Valdez-Castro, A. Loza-Vázquez, J. M. Rodríguez-Morales, Josefina Barrera-Cortés:
Knowledge-based System for Supervision and Control of a Fed-batch Fermentation of BT. Applied Informatics 2003: 339-344Chrissanthi Angeli, L. Vrizidis, Avraam Chatzinikolaou:
Developing the User Interface for an Online Knowledge-based System. Applied Informatics 2003: 345-350Vladimir Ryabov, Vagan Y. Terziyan:
Industrial Diagnostics using Algebra of Uncertain Temporal Relations. Applied Informatics 2003: 351-356Makoto Kikuchi, Ichiro Nagasaka:
On the Three Forms of Non-deductive Inferences: Induction, Abduction, and Design. Applied Informatics 2003: 357-362Satoshi Ono, Yoshinobu Hamada, Kazunori Mizuno, Yukio Fukui, Seiichi Nishihara:
A Rearrangement System for Floor Layouts based on Case-based Reasoning and Constraint Satisfaction. Applied Informatics 2003: 363-368
Natural Language Processing
Nina Suszczanska, Slawomir Kulików:
A Polish Document Summarizer. Applied Informatics 2003: 369-374Young Ae Seo, Yinxia Huang, Munpyo Hong, Sung-Kwon Choi:
Treating "Hata"-Construction in Korean-Chinese MT. Applied Informatics 2003: 375-380Ute Loerch, Michael McKessar:
A Natural Language Interface to a B2C System. Applied Informatics 2003: 381-387Radoslaw Katarzyniak:
Grounding Atom Formulas and Simple Modalities in Communicative Agents. Applied Informatics 2003: 388-392
Planning and Scheduling
Malek Mouhoub:
Dynamic Path Consistency for Interval-based Temporal Reasoning. Applied Informatics 2003: 393-398Giuliano Armano, Giancarlo Cherchi, Eloisa Vargiu:
Experimenting the Performance of Abstraction Mechanisms Through a Parametric Hierarchical Planner. Applied Informatics 2003: 399-404Chengyu Krystian Ji:
AP-IRMA: Planning with Intentional Attention Toward Chances. Applied Informatics 2003: 405-410Laxmi Gewali, Prashu Kodela, Joy Bhadury:
Approximation Algorithm for Multi-Facility Location. Applied Informatics 2003: 411-416
II. Parallel and Distributed Computing and Networks (PDCN)
Architecture, Algorithms, Programming, and Applications
Edson Yanaga, Luiz Nacamura Jr., Eliane L. Bodanese:
The J2EE-Adapted TINA Model: Integrating TINA Solutions to Internet. Applied Informatics 2003: 417-422Po-Jen Chuang, Young-Tzong Hsiao, Yu-Shian Chiu:
Dynamic Value Prediction using Loop and Locality Properties. Applied Informatics 2003: 423-428Hovhannes A. Harutyunyan, Xiaolin Liu:
Multicast Algorithms in Torus Network. Applied Informatics 2003: 429-434Constantino Gonçalves Ribeiro, Lúcia Maria de A. Drummond, Rosi S. Wedemann:
Detection of Generalized Conjunctive Predicates for Debugging Parallel Distributed Programs. Applied Informatics 2003: 435-440Hovhannes A. Harutyunyan, Bin Shao:
An Experimental Result for Broadcast Time. Applied Informatics 2003: 441-445Theodore Kotsilieris, John Anagnostopoulos, Stelios Kalogeropoulos, Angelos Michalas, Vassilis Loumos, Eleftherios Kayafas:
AN SNMP Enabled System for Enhanced Monitoring of E-commerce Statistical Indicators. Applied Informatics 2003: 446-449Gunther Stuer, Jan Broeckhove, Frans Arickx:
A Java Reliable MultiPeer Protocol for Distributed Virtual Environments. Applied Informatics 2003: 450-455Kwangho Cha, Jeongwoo Hong, Okhwan Byeon:
Parallel Bidirectional Search on Message Passing Environment. Applied Informatics 2003: 456-461Frédéric Dabrowski, Frédéric Loulergue:
Functional Bulk Synchronous Parallel Programming in C++. Applied Informatics 2003: 462-467Sankarapandian Vijayaraghavan:
A Fair and Starvation Free Version of Lamport's Fast Mutual Exclusion Algorithm. Applied Informatics 2003: 468-471Kyoko Iwasawa, Taiga Kusaba:
Loop Shifting Conversion for the Parallelizing Compiler. Applied Informatics 2003: 472-477Clemens Grelck:
A Multithreaded Compiler Backend for High-level Array Programming. Applied Informatics 2003: 478-484Stelios Kalogeropoulos, Theodore Kotsilieris, Moshe Sidi, Hovav Gazit, Julio Tuch:
A Proposed Methodology to Improve the Performance of Agent-based Applications through the Identification of the Optimum Visited Sequence. Applied Informatics 2003: 485-489J. H. ter Bekke, J. A. Bakker:
Fast Recursive Data Processing in Graphs using Reduction. Applied Informatics 2003: 490-494
Cluster and Heterogeneous Computing
Yuan Tang, Yun-Quan Zhang, Jia-Chang Sun, Yu-Cheng Li:
Hardware Impact on Communication Performance of Beowulf LINUX Cluster. Applied Informatics 2003: 495-500Sophia Corsava, Vladimir Getov:
Intelligent Fault Tolerant Architecture for Cluster Computing: A High Level Overview. Applied Informatics 2003: 501-506C. Edward Chow, Ganesh Godavari, Yu Cai:
LSWS: A Linux-based Secure Web Switch. Applied Informatics 2003: 507-512C. Edward Chow, Chandra Prakash:
Enhance Features and Performance of a Linux-based Content Switch. Applied Informatics 2003: 513-518Thomas Fuerle, Erich Schikuta:
A Transparent Communication Layer for Heterogenous, Distributed Systems. Applied Informatics 2003: 519-523Takahiro Koita, Yasuyo Kofune, Yusuke Inoue, Akira Fukuda:
Implementation and Evaluation of Resource Allocation for a Genomic Application Program on the Grid. Applied Informatics 2003: 524-528Nirved Pandey, G. K. Sharma:
Equivalent Query Transformer for Semantic Query Optimization in Distributed Computing Environment. Applied Informatics 2003: 529-534Carsten Maple, Yu Wang, Jian Zhang:
Task Scheduling for Jobs of a Non-constant Workload over a Heterogeneous Network. Applied Informatics 2003: 535-540Yin-Wen Bai, Yi-Chao Wu:
Web Delay Analysis and Reduction by Use of Load Balancing of a Dispatcher-based Web Server Cluster. Applied Informatics 2003: 541-546Sándor Juhász, Hassan Charaf:
Building Clusters on Modern Desktop Operating Systems. Applied Informatics 2003: 547-552
Mobile Computing and Networks I
Ichiro Satoh:
Software Testing for Ubiquitous Computing Devices. Applied Informatics 2003: 553-558Françoise André, Bruno Deniaud:
Multimedia Systems Adaptation in Mobile Environments. Applied Informatics 2003: 559-564Steven Shelford, Md. Mostofa Akbar, Eric G. Manning, Gholamali C. Shoja:
Distributed Optimal Admission Controllers for Service Level Agreements in Interconnected Networks. Applied Informatics 2003: 565-570Niklas Mors, Anders Pettersson, Magnus Jonsson:
An Ethernet based Metropolitan Area Open Access Architecture. Applied Informatics 2003: 571-576Stelios Kalogeropoulos, Theodore Kotsilieris, George T. Karetsos, Angelos Michalas, Vassilis Loumos, Eleftherios Kayafas:
A Performance Evaluation of the Mobile Agent Technology in Comparison to the Client/Server Paradigm for QoS Configuration in DiffServ Domains. Applied Informatics 2003: 577-582Ana Cristina Barreiras Kochem, Eliane L. Bodanese, Luiz Nacamura Jr.:
CAC, Resource Reservation and Scheduling for QoS Provisioning in GPRS. Applied Informatics 2003: 583-588Tae-Joon Park, Seung-Min Park:
Hierarchical Handoff Mechanism based on Situation Learning. Applied Informatics 2003: 589-595Yong-joo Chung, Chun-hyun Paik, Hu-gon Kim:
Traffic Modeling and Simulation based Performance Analysis of Mobile Multimedia Data Services. Applied Informatics 2003: 596-601Peter Thomas Breznay:
PRAM Simulation in Hierarchical Interconnection Networks through Hypercube Embedding. Applied Informatics 2003: 602-607Lorenzo Fernández, José M. García:
Congestion Control for High Performance Virtual Cut-through Networks. Applied Informatics 2003: 608-614
Mobile Computing and Networks II
Hadeel Haddad, Muhammad F. Mudawwar:
Corner-First Tree-based Region Broadcasting in Mesh Networks. Applied Informatics 2003: 615-620Håkan Forsberg, Magnus Jonsson, Bertil Svensson:
Key Issues in Implementing an Optoelectronic Planar Free-space Architecture for Signal Processing Applications. Applied Informatics 2003: 621-629Jian Pu, Md. Mostofa Akbar, Eric Gowland, Gholamali C. Shoja, Eric G. Manning:
SLA Admission Controller for Reliable MPLS Networks. Applied Informatics 2003: 630-635Ricardo Citro, Sumit Ghosh:
The Utilization of Distributed Processing on Signaling Calls in High Speed ATM Network: Architecture, Modeling, Simulation & Performance Analysis. Applied Informatics 2003: 636-642Hussein Elsayed, Tarek N. Saadawi:
Jitter Equalization to Maintain QoS for Multimedia Traffic. Applied Informatics 2003: 643-648Helmut Hlavacs, Guido Aschenbrenner:
How to Evaluate the Quality of Service of Satellite based Content Delivery Networks. Applied Informatics 2003: 649-655Shigeru Kusakabe, Yoshinari Nomura, Hideo Taniguchi, Makoto Amamiya:
Wrapped System-Call: Cooperating Interactions between User and Kernel Mode in an Operating System for Fine-grain Multi-threading. Applied Informatics 2003: 656-669Wataru Kaneko, Kenji Kono, Kentaro Shimizu:
Preemptive Resource Management: Defending against Resource Monopolizing DoS. Applied Informatics 2003: 662-669Jiman Hong, Sangsu Kim, Yookun Cho:
On the Choice of Checkpoint Interval. Applied Informatics 2003: 670-675Xiaojuan Zheng, Chengzhi Jin, Jiubin Ju:
Applying Active Networks to Networked Control Systems. Applied Informatics 2003: 676-680
Routing and Scheduling
Sangman Bak, Sang-Yong Kang:
Hierarchical Load-balanced Routing Via Bounded Randomization based on Destination Node. Applied Informatics 2003: 681-685Kimir Lukac, Zrinka Lukac, Mladen Tkalic:
On Behavior of Fuzzy Norms and F Learning Automata in Distributed Multicriteria Network Routing. Applied Informatics 2003: 686-691Gur Saran Adhar:
Optimum Interval Routing in k-Caterpillars and Maximal Outer Planar Networks. Applied Informatics 2003: 692-696Mikko Alutoin, Pertti Raatikainen:
A Control Interface for Router Extension. Applied Informatics 2003: 697-702Young-Soo Myung, Hu-gon Kim:
A New Algorithm for the Ring Loading Problem with Demand Splitting. Applied Informatics 2003: 703-706Janez Brest, Viljem Zumer:
A Heuristic Algorithm for the Static Scheduling on Multiprocessors. Applied Informatics 2003: 707-712Theodore Andronikos, Marios Kalathas, Florina M. Ciorba, Panayiotis Theodoropoulos, George K. Papakonstantinou, Panayotis Tsanakas:
Scheduling Nested Loops with the Least Number of Processors. Applied Informatics 2003: 713-718
Parallel Processing and Computing
Artur Andrzejak, Komei Fukuda:
Debugging Distributed Computations by Reverse Search. Applied Informatics 2003: 719-725Chong-Wei Xu, Wesley Lee:
SPaM - A Simple Parallel Machine in CORBA. Applied Informatics 2003: 726-731Yong Chen, Guoliang Chen, Yinlong Xu, Jiulong Shan:
Implementation and Evaluation of MPI+OpenMP Programming Model on Dawning3000. Applied Informatics 2003: 732-737Tomohiro Otsuka, Konosuke Watanabe, Junichiro Tsuchiya, Hiroshi Harada, Junji Yamamoto, Hiroaki Nishi, Tomohiro Kudoh, Hideharu Amano:
Performance Evaluation of a Prototype of RHiNET-2: A Network-based Distributed Parallel Computing System. Applied Informatics 2003: 738-743Lars Lundberg, Charlie Svahnberg:
Normal Versus Worst-case Performance in High Availability Cluster and Distributed Computing. Applied Informatics 2003: 744-749Lars Lundberg, Kamilla Klonowska, Magnus Broberg, Håkan Lennerstad:
Comparing the Optimal Performance of Multiprocessor Architectures. Applied Informatics 2003: 750-760Roger Eggen, Maurice Eggen:
Javaspaces Versus Remote Method Invocation: What is the Cost? Applied Informatics 2003: 761-766Minh Quang Do, Lars Bengtsson, Per Larsson-Edefors:
DSP-PP: A Simulator/Estimator of Power Consumption and Performance for Parallel DSP Architectures. Applied Informatics 2003: 767-772
Web Technologies and Protocols
Christos Bouras, V.-J. Khan, A. Limperis, Christos Sintoris:
Managing Users and Services using an LDAP based Web-application. Applied Informatics 2003: 773-778George Pallis, Athena Vakali, Lefteris Angelis, Mohand-Said Hacid:
A Study on Workload Characterization for a Web Proxy Server. Applied Informatics 2003: 779-784Mauricio Marín, Carolina Bonacic:
Two-level Scheduling of Discrete-event Simulation Servers. Applied Informatics 2003: 785-790German Sakaryan, Herwig Unger:
Topology Evolution in P2P Distributed Networks. Applied Informatics 2003: 791-796Constantin Popescu, Ioan Mang:
An Authentic Key Agreement Protocol based on the Weil Pairing. Applied Informatics 2003: 797-800Igor Miladinovic, Johannes Stadler:
Multi-recipient Requests in the Session Initiation Protocol. Applied Informatics 2003: 801-806Marek Malowidzki:
ECN is Fine - But Will it be Used? Applied Informatics 2003: 807-812Mojka Ciglariè, Matej Trampus, Matjaz Pancur, Tone Vidmar:
Message Routing in Pure Peer-to-Peer Networks. Applied Informatics 2003: 813-817
Distributed Systems
Fons de Lange, Jeremy Kang:
Distributed Systems Modeling and Real-time Simulation of Complex Media Processing Systems with Parallel Distributed Computing. Applied Informatics 2003: 818-824