EUROSPEECH 1991: Genova, Italy

Plenary

• Sadaoki Furui:
  Recent advances in speech recognition.
  
• Frank Fallside:
  On the acquisition of speech by machines, ASM.
  

Continuous Speech Recognition

• Padma Ramesh, Jay G. Wilpon, Maureen A. McGee, David B. Roe, Chin-Hui Lee, Lawrence R. Rabiner:
  Speaker independent recognition of spontaneously spoken connected digits.
  
• P. S. Gopalakrishnan, David Nahamoo:
  Immediate recognition of embedded command words.
  
• Lynn Wilcox, Marcia A. Bush:
  HMM-based wordspotting for voice editing and indexing.
  
• Janet M. Baker:
  Large vocabulary speaker-adaptive continuous speech recognition research overview at dragon systems.
  
• Victoria Sgardoni, Dimitrios A. Gaganelis, Eleftherios D. Frangoulis:
  Continuous density HMM context dependent phones for speech recognition over the telephone.
  

Segmental Speech Synthesis

• Katsuhiko Shirai, Kazuo Hashimoto, Tetsunori Kobayashi:
  Text-to-speech synthesizer using superposition of sinusoidal waves generated by synchronized oscillators.
  
• M. Guerti, G. Bailly:
  Synthesis-by-rule using compost: modelling resonance trajectories.
  
• Yasushi Ishikawa, Kunio Nakajima:
  Neural network based spectral interpolation method for speech synthesis by rule.
  
• Martine Garnier-Rizet:
  A rule-based segmental synthesis module for French.
  

Human Factors

• Norman M. Fraser, G. Nigel Gilbert:
  Effects of system voice quality on user utterances in speech dialogue systems.
  
• P. Day, Andreas Grünupp, Klaus-Peter Muthig:
  A human factors study of speech-to-text technology: consequences of discrete speech.
  
• Iain R. Murray, John L. Arnott, Alan F. Newell:
  A comparison of document composition using a listening typewriter and conventional office systems.
  
• Paulus H. Vossen:
  Evaluating speech input and output in a CAD-system using the hidden-operator method.
  
• Mary Zajicek, Jill Hewitt:
  Mixed mode input for a standard wordprocessor. investigating links between input mode, speech and keyboard, and specific task areas.
  

Robust Isolated Word Recognition

• Philip Lockwood, Jérôme Boudy:
  Experiments with a non-linear spectral subtractor (NSS), hidden Markov models and the projection, for robust speech recognition in cars.
  
• Philip Lockwood, C. Baillargeat, J. M. Gillot, Jérôme Boudy, Gérard Faucon:
  Noise reduction for speech enhancement in cars: non-linear spectral subtraction / kalman filtering.
  
• Klaus Fellbaum, Dieter Becker:
  Isolated word recognition with integrated noise reduction.
  
• Javier Hernando, Climent Nadeu:
  A comparative study of parameters and distances for noisy speech recognition.
  

Neural Nets: Phonetic Features, Phoneme Recognition, and Time Alignment

• Jorma Laaksonen:
  A new reliability-based phoneme segmentation method for the "neural" phonetic typewriter.
  
• Bruno Apolloni, Francesco Pazienti, Vincenzo Trotta:
  Isolated word adaptive recognizer based on neural networks.
  
• Nobuo Hataoka, Alex Waibel:
  Evaluation of speaker-independent phoneme recognition on TIMIT database using TDNNs.
  
• Nelson Morgan, Hervé Bourlard, Chuck Wooters, Phil Kohn, Michael Cohen:
  Phonetic context in hybrid HMM/MLP continuous speech recognition.
  
• E. C. Andrews, John S. Mason:
  Neural network classification of complex-valued speech features.
  
• Dennis Norris:
  Rewiring lexical networks on the fly.
  
• Kjell Elenius, G. Takacs:
  Phoneme recognition with an artificial neural network.
  
• Jianxin Jiang, Kechu Yi, Zheng Hu:
  A new self-organization algorithm of forming a phoneme map.
  
• Shuping Ran, J. Bruce Millar:
  Phoneme classification using neural networks based on acoustic-phonetic structure.
  
• Nigel Dodd, Donald MacFarlane, Chris Marland:
  Networks for speech recognition structurally optimised by genetic techniques implemented on parallel hardware.
  

Phonetics I, II

• Jeff Pittam, John Ingram:
  Influence of vietnamese tone and prosody on the acquisition of English stress patterns.
  
• Walter F. Sendlmeier:
  The voiced/unvoiced distinction of initial stops by normal and hearing impaired listeners.
  
• Krishna S. Nathan:
  Comparison of formant transition based stop classifiers: time-varying and time-invariant signal models.
  
• Christian Benoît, Christian Abry, L. J. Roe:
  The effect of context on labiality in French.
  
• A. K. Datta, N. R. Ganguli, B. Mukherjee:
  Nasalisation in bengali speech sounds acoustic-phonetic study.
  
• N. R. Ganguli:
  Vowel formant frequency distribution of a major indian language.
  
• Bernard Harmegnies, Marielle Bruyninckx, Joaquim Llisterri, Dolors Poch:
  Effects of language change on voice quality in bilingual speakers, corpus content effect.
  
• T. I. Shevchenko, T. S. Skopintseva:
  Effects of social and regional backgrounds on LTAS in british English.
  
• Henk van den Heuvel, Bert Cranen, Toni C. M. Rietveld:
  Speaker related variability in the durations of dutch speech segments.
  
• Johan Liljencrants:
  Numerical simulations of glottal flow.
  
• Joop Jansen, Bert Cranen, Louis Boves:
  Modelling of source characteristics of speech sounds by means of the LF-model.
  
• Hanspeter Herzel, J. Wendler:
  Evidence of chaos in phonatory samples.
  
• Van Loan Trinh, Bernard Guérin, Eric Castelli:
  Source-tract coupling and the subglottal system in an articulatory synthesizer.
  

Multilingual Speech Recognition Systems (Special Session)

• Paul G. Bamberg, Anne Demedts, John Elder, Caroline B. Huang, Charles Ingold, Mark A. Mandel, Linda Manganaro, Stijn Van Even:
  Phoneme-based training for large-vocabulary recognition in six european languages.
  
• Helene Cerf-Danon, Steven DeGennaro, Marco Ferretti, Jorge Gonzalez, Eric Keppel:
  1.0 TANGORA - a large vocabulary speech recognition system for five languages.
  
• Hermann Ney, Roberto Billi:
  Prototype systems for large-vocabulary speech recognition: polyglot and spicos.
  

Spoken Language Parsing

• J. H. Wright:
  Adaptation of grammar-based language models for continuous speech recognition.
  
• Keh-Yih Su, Tung-Hui Chiang, Yi-Chung Lin:
  A robustness and discrimination oriented score function for integrating speech and language processing.
  
• Paolo Baggia, Lorenzo Fissore, Elisabetta Gerbino, Egidio P. Giachin, Claudio Rullent:
  Improving speech understanding performance through feedback verification.
  
• Anna Corazza, Renato de Mori, Roberto Gretter, Giorgio Satta:
  Computation of upper-bounds for island-driven stochastic parsers.
  
• François Andry, J. H. Simon Thornton:
  A parser for speech lattices using a UCG grammar.
  
• Sheryl Young, Michael Matessa:
  Using pragmatic and semantic knowledge to correct parsing of spoken language utterances.
  

Speech Coding I-IV

• Arnaldo J. Abrantes, Jorge S. Marques, Isabel Trancoso:
  Hybrid sinusoidal modeling of speech without voicing decision.
  
• Jorge S. Marques, Isabel Trancoso, Arnaldo J. Abrantes:
  Harmonic coding of speech: an experimental study.
  
• David Rowe, William Cowley, Andrew Perkis:
  A multiband excitation linear predictive speech coder.
  
• Shu Hung Leung, K. L. Lai, O. Y. Wong, Andrew Luk:
  A new coded excitation model using multifrequency decomposition.
  
• Daniele Sereno:
  Frame substitution and adaptive post-filtering in speech coding.
  
• S. A. Atungsiri, R. Soheili, Ahmet M. Kondoz, Barry G. Evans:
  Effective lost speech frame reconstruction for CELP coders.
  
• Hiromi Nagabuchi, Nobuhiko Kitawaki:
  Evaluation and improvement of coded speech quality degraded by cell loss in ATM networks.
  
• Alain J. Vigier:
  Combined source-channel coding for a very noisy channed.
  
• G. Rosina, M. Sant' Agostino, E. Turco, Luigi Vetrano:
  Testing and quality enhancement of the GSM full rate voice channel.
  
• U. Kipper, Herbert Reininger, Dietrich Wolf:
  Low bit rate speech coding using CELP with adaptive excitation codebook.
  
• Arild Fuldseth, E. Harborg, F. T. Johansen, J. E. Knudsen:
  A real-time implementable 7 khz speech coder at 16 kbit/s.
  
• D. J. Zarkadis:
  Adaptive spectral weighting for vector predictive coding of the LPC-spectra.
  
• Samir Saoudi, Jean-Marc Boucher, Alain Le Guyader:
  Medium band speech coding using optimal scalar quantization of LSP.
  
• Philip Secker, Andrew Perkis:
  Joint source and channel coding of line spectrum pairs.
  
• C. F. Chan, K. W. Law:
  An algorithm for computing LSP frequencies directly from the reflection coefficients.
  
• Peter Meyer, W. Peters, J. Paulus:
  Variable rate speech coding using perceptive thresholds and adaptive VUS detection.
  
• M. R. Suddle, S. A. Atungsiri, Ahmet M. Kondoz, Barry G. Evans:
  A secure and robust CELP coder for land and satellite mobile systems.
  
• Carlos M. Ribeiro, Isabel Trancoso:
  A 4.8 kbps celp coder with post-processing.
  
• K. W. Law, O. Y. Wong, C. F. Chan:
  A real-time high quality joint-excitation linear predictive coder at 8 kbps.
  
• Rosario Drogo Deiacovo, Roberto Montagna:
  Some experiments in perceptual masking of quantizing noise in analysis-by-synthesis speech coders.
  
• Gao Yang, Henri Leich, René Boite:
  A very high-quality CELP coder at the rate of 2400 bps.
  
• Z. Yong Liu:
  An effective pulse adaptive code-excited linear predictive coder at 4kb/S.
  
• C. F. Chan, S. H. Leung:
  A vocoder using high-order LPC filter with very few non-zero coefficients.
  

Assessment, Intelligibility and Aids for Disabled

• Mario Rossi, Robert Espesser, Chaslav Pavlovic:
  The effects of in internal reference system and cross-modality matching on the subjective rating of speech synthesisers.
  
• H. A. Sydeserff, R. J. Caley, Stephen D. Isard, Mervyn A. Jack, Alex I. C. Monaghan, J. Verhoeven:
  Evaluation of speech synthesis techniques in a comprehension task.
  
• P. A. Howard-Jones:
  'SOAP' - a speech output assessment package for controlled multilingual evaluation of synthetic speech.
  
• Tammo Houtgast, Jan A. Verhave:
  A physical approach to speech quality assessment: correlation patterns in the speech spectrogram.
  
• H. Miyata, Tammo Houtgast:
  Weighted MTF for predicting speech intelligibility in reverberant sound fields.
  
• Ute Jekosch:
  Speech intelligibility studies for the european hermes spaceplane.
  
• Jianing Wei, Andrew Faulkner, Adrian Fourcin:
  An application of speech processing and encoding scheme for Chinese lexical tone and consonant perception by hearing impaired listeners.
  
• Dimitri Kanevsky, P. Gopalakrishan, Catalina Danis, G. Daggett, E. Epstein, David Nahamoo:
  On the development of a phone communication aid for the hearing impaired.
  
• Yolande Anglade, Jean-Marie Pierrel, Jean-Claude Junqua:
  A spoken language interface for a telephone switchboard operator center.
  
• Iain R. Murray, John L. Arnott, Norman Alm, Alan F. Newell:
  A communication system for the disabled with emotional synthetic speech produced by rule.
  

Speech Synthesis: Techniques and Applications

• Thomas Portele, Birgit Steffan, Rainer Preuß, Wolfgang Hess:
  German speech synthesis by concatenation of non-parametric units.
  
• Giuseppe Abbattista, Antonello Riccio, Enzo Mumolo:
  Automatic document reader with speech output capabilities.
  
• R. W. King:
  Tools and processes for developing low-cost and high-quality text-to-speech synthesis for communication aids.
  
• Hynek Hermansky, Louis Anthony Cox Jr.:
  Perceptual linear predictive (PLP) analysis-resynthesis technique.
  
• Reinhold Greisbach, Bernd J. Kröger, O. Esser, G. Plaßmann:
  A display technique for measurements of natural and synthetic articulatory dynamics.
  
• Yueh-Chin Chang, Yi-Fan Lee, Bang-Er Shia, Hsiao-Chuan Wang:
  Statistical models for the Chinese text-to-speech system.
  
• P. A. Taylor, I. A. Nairn, Andrew M. Sutherland, Mervyn A. Jack:
  A realtime speech synthesis system.
  
• Hélène Valbret, Eric Moulines, Jean-Pierre Tubach:
  Voice tranformation using PSOLA technique.
  
• Massimo Giustiniani, Piero Pierucci:
  Phonetic ergodic HMM for speech synthesis.
  
• Cristina Delogu, P. Paoloni, Paolo Pocci, Ciro Sementina:
  Quality evaluation of text-to-speech synthesizers using magnitude estimation, categorical estimation, pair comparison and reaction time methods.
  
• H. Zingte, Cl. Hennebois:
  Helping young children to associate sounds and letters through speech synthesis.
  
• Hervé Bourlard:
  Neural nets and hidden Markov models: review and generalizations.
  
• N. S. Jayant, J. D. Johnston, Y. Shoham:
  Coding of wideband speech.
  

Probabilistic Language Models for Speech Recognition

• Roberto Pieraccini, Esther Levin:
  Stochastic representation of semantic structure for speech understanding.
  
• Colin Matheson, Fergus R. McInnes:
  Incorporating probabilities into the dualgram language model.
  
• Egidio P. Giachin:
  A dynamic programming based framework for stochastic spoken language understanding.
  
• Natividad Prieto, Enrique Vidal:
  Learning language models through the ECGI method.
  
• Roberto Cremonini, Marco Ferretti, M. C. Galimberti, Giulio Maltese, Federico Mancini:
  Using a generative grammar to train a probabilistic language model for speaker-independent speech recognition.
  

Speech Recognition and Phonetic Modelling

• Katsuhiko Shirai, E. Kitagawa, T. Endo:
  Optimal construction of context sensitive quantizer for phoneme recognition in continuous speech.
  
• Mary O'Kane, P. E. Kenne, D. Landy, S. Atkins:
  Generalising from single-speaker recognition in a feature-based recogniser.
  
• H. G. Hirsch, Peter Meyer, Hans-Wilhelm Rühl:
  Improved speech recognition using high-pass filtering of subband envelopes.
  
• Yifan Gong, Jean Paul Haton:
  Comparing two phoneme identification methods using a continuous speech recognizer.
  
• D. Ederveen, Louis Boves:
  Knowledge-based phoneme recognition.
  

Speaker Identification and Verification

• J. Kraayeveld, A. C. M. Rietveld, Vincent J. van Heuven:
  Speaker characterization in dutch using prosodic parameters.
  
• Alan K. Hunt:
  New commercial applications of telephone-network-based speech recognition and speaker verification.
  
• Jean-François Bonastre, Henri Meloni, Philippe Langlais:
  Analytical strategy for speaker identification.
  
• L. Xu, John S. Mason:
  Optimization of perceptually-based spectral transforms in speaker identification.
  

Pitch Determination and Voice Separation

• Alain de Cheveigné:
  A mixed speech F0 estimation algorithm.
  
• Edward Jones, Eliathamby Ambikairajah:
  A perceptually-based pitch extractor for band-limited speech.
  
• Yu-Hua Gu:
  A robust pseudo perceptual pitch estimator.
  
• Neviano Dal Degan, Marco Fratti:
  Pitch estimation based on a "narrowed" autocorrelation function.
  

Speech Recognition: Understanding Systems

• Seiichi Nakagawa, Yoshimitsu Hirata, Isao Murase:
  The syntax-oriented spoken Japanese understanding system SPOJOS-SYNO II.
  
• Henning Bergmann, Hans-Hermann Hamer, Andreas Noll, Annedore Paeseler, Horst Tomaschewski:
  An adaptable man-machine interface using connected-word recognition.
  
• M. J. Poza, C. de la Torre, Daniel Tapias, Luis Villarrubia:
  An approach to automatic recognition of keywords in unconstrained speech using parametric models.
  
• I. Lee Hetherington, Hong C. Leung, Victor W. Zue:
  Toward vocabulary-independent recognition of telephone speech.
  
• Ronald A. Cole, Krist Roginski, Mark A. Fanty:
  English alphabet recognition with telephone speech.
  
• J.-Y. Fiset, Jean-Marc Robert, Raymond Descout:
  Evolutionary language models in air traffic control training.
  
• Gareth J. F. Jones, Jeremy H. Wright, E. N. Wrigley, Michael J. Carey, Eluned S. Parris:
  Isolated-word sentence recognition using probabilistic context-free grammar.
  
• Mitchell Hood:
  Lexical access in a speech understanding and dialogue system.
  
• Reinhold Haeb-Umbach, Hermann Ney:
  A look-ahead search technique for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition.
  
• Carlos Teixeira, Isabel Trancoso:
  Spectral subtraction for front-end noise reduction in a speech recognizer.
  

Speech Databases, Analysis And Assessment

• Lori F. Larnel, Jean-Luc Gauvain, Maxine Eskenazi:
  BREF, a large vocabulary spoken corpus for French.
  
• Luc Mathan, Dominique Morin:
  Speech field databases: development and analysis.
  
• Shuichi Itahashi:
  Large scale Japanese dialect speech corpora.
  
• Paulus H. Vossen:
  Outline of a design-oriented evaluation framework for speech-driven applications.
  
• Richard Winski, Kamran Kordi:
  Assessment of continuous speech recognisers using recogniser sensitivity analysis.
  
• C. Bourjot, A. Boyer, D. Fohr:
  A tool for assessment of acoustic phonetic lattices.
  
• Herman J. M. Steeneken, Jeroen G. van Velden:
  Ramos - recognizer assessment by means of manipulation of speech applied to connected speech recognition.
  
• Paul van Alphen, Louis C. W. Pols:
  Comparing various feature vectors in automatic speech recognition.
  
• Victor W. Zue, James R. Glass, David Goodine, Lynette Hirschman, Hong C. Leung, Michael S. Phillips, Joseph Polifroni, Stephanie Seneff:
  The MIT ATIS system; preliminary development, spontaneous speech data collection, and performance evaluation.
  
• S. Benaouicha, A. Rajouani, M. Zyoute:
  Construction of an Arabic speech data base - duration model of Arabic vowels.
  
• P. N. Denbigh, J. Zhao:
  Pitch extraction and separation of overlapping speech.
  

Neural Nets I, II

• Yoshua Bengio, Renato de Mori, Giovanni Flammia, Ralf Kompe:
  Phonetically motivated acoustic parameters for continuous speech recognition using artificial neural networks.
  
• Michael J. Carey, Eluned S. Parris:
  Adapting input transformations using alpha-nets for whole word speech recognition.
  
• Les T. Niles:
  TIMIT phoneme recognition using an HMM-derived recurrent neural network.
  
• P. O. Husoy, Torbjørn Svendsen:
  ANN-based speech recognition using a preprocessor for non-linear time compression.
  
• Helge B. D. Sørensen, Uwe Hartmann:
  A self-structuring neural noise reduction model.
  
• Bojan Petek, Alex Waibel, Joseph M. Tebelskis:
  Integrated phoneme-function word architecture of hidden control neural networks for continuous speech recognition.
  
• X. Zhang, John S. Mason, E. C. Andrews:
  Multiple dynamic features to enhance neural net based speaker verification.
  
• Patrick Haffner, Alex Waibel:
  Time-delay neural networks embedding time alignment: a performance analysis.
  
• Yohji Fukuda, Haruya Matsumoto:
  Phoneme recognition using recurrent neural networks.
  
• Yasuhiro Komori, Kaichiro Hatazaki:
  An integration of knowledge and neural networks toward a phoneme typewriter without a language model.
  

Parsing and Lexical Access

• Junko Hosaka, Toshiyuki Takezawa, Terumasa Ehara:
  Utilizing empirical data for postposition classification toward spoken Japanese speech recognition.
  
• Michael S. Phillips, James R. Glass, Victor W. Zue:
  Automatic learning of lexical representations for sub-word unit based speech recognition systems.
  
• Roxane Lacouture, Renato de Mori:
  Lexical tree compression.
  
• Michael D. Riley, Andrej Ljolje:
  Lexical access with a statistically-derived phonetic network.
  
• Giuliano Antoniol, Fabio Brugnara, Diego Giuliani:
  Admissible strategies for acoustic matching with a large vocabulary.
  

Modelling Duration in Speech

• Alejandro Macarrón, J. Gregorio Escalada, Miguel Angel Rodriguez:
  Generation of duration rules for a Spanish text-to-speech synthesizer.
  
• L. Mortamet:
  Implementing duration expert rules into a text-to-speech synthesis system.
  
• Nobuyoshi Kaiki, Katsuhiko Mimura, Yoshinori Sagisaka:
  Statistical modeling of segmental duration and power control for Japanese.
  
• W. Nick Campbell:
  Phrase-level factors affecting timing in speech.
  
• Matti Karjalainen, Toomas Altosaar:
  Phoneme duration rules for speech synthesis by neural networks.
  

Automatic Speech Recognition: Algorithms I-III

• Fergus R. McInnes:
  Context-sensitive phoneme lattice generation using interpolated demi-diphone and triphone models.
  
• J. M. Song, T. Thomas, M. Patel:
  Experiments of 991-word speaker independent continuous speech recognition on DARPA RM task.
  
• Henri Meloni, Frédéric Bechet, Philippe Gilles:
  Bottom-up acoustic-phonetic decoding for the selection of word cohorts from a large vocabulary.
  
• Antonio M. Peinado, Ramon Román, José C. Segura, Antonio J. Rubio, Pedro García, Jesús E. Díaz-Verdejo:
  Entropic training for HMM speech recognition.
  
• Patrick Kenny, S. Parthasarathy, Vishwa Gupta, Matthew Lennig, Paul Mermelstein, Douglas D. O'Shaughnessy:
  Energy, duration and Markov models.
  
• J. J. Nijtmans:
  A new recursive Markov model with a new state pruning approach for large vocabulary continuous speech recognition.
  
• Fergus R. McInnes:
  Context-sensitive phoneme lattice generation using interpolated demi-diphone and triphone models.
  
• Peter Nowell, Henry S. Thompson:
  An efficient implementation of the n-best algorithm for lexical access.
  
• Alessandro Falaschi, Massimo Pucci:
  Automatic derivation of HMM alternative pronunciation network topologies.
  
• Isabel Galiano, Francisco Casacuberta, Emilio Sanchis:
  On the structure of subword units for a speaker independent continuous speech task.
  
• Yunxin Zhao, Hisashi Wakita, Xinhua Zhuang:
  Generate word transcription dictionary from sentence utterances and evaluate its effect on speaker-independent continuous speech recognition.
  
• A. P. Varga, Roger K. Moore:
  Simultaneous recognition of concurrent speech signals using hidden Markov model decomposition.
  
• I. A. Ballantyne, Andrew M. Sutherland, J. M. Hannah, Mervyn A. Jack:
  A large vocabulary parallel processing continuous speech recognition system.
  
• Richard C. Rose, Edward M. Hofstetter:
  Techniques for robust word spotting in continuous speech messages.
  
• Alessandro Falaschi, Alfredo Micozzi:
  Word spotting by CSR through vector quantized background models.
  
• Jean-Claude Junqua, Hisashi Wakita:
  Towards an artificial laboratory for the design and simulation of cooperative speech processing algorithms.
  
• Keith Edwards, Fergus R. McInnes, Mervyn A. Jack:
  Accent specific modifications for continuous speech recognition based on a sub-word lattice approach.
  
• Eduardo Lleida, José B. Mariño, Climent Nadeu, Albert Oliveras:
  Two level continuous speech recognition using demisyllable-based HMM word spotting.
  
• Ted H. Applebaum, Brian A. Hanson:
  Tradeoffs in the design of regression features for word recognition.
  
• Lalit R. Bahl, Peter F. Brown, Peter V. de Souza, Robert L. Mercer, David Nahamoo:
  A fast algorithm for deleted interpolation.
  
• Michael A. Franzini, Alex Waibel, Kai-Fu Lee:
  Recent work in continuous speech recognition using the connectionist viterbi training procedure.
  
• Volker Steinbiss:
  A search organization for large-vocabulary recognition based on n-best decoding.
  
• Yifan Gong, Jean Paul Haton:
  VINICS: a continuous speech recognizer based on a new robust formulation.
  
• Shigeki Sagayama:
  A matrix representation of HMM-based speech recognition algorithms.
  

Segmentation

• Paul Dalsgaard, Ove Andersen, William J. Barry:
  Multi-lingual acoustic-phonetic features for a number of european languages.
  
• Harouna Kabré, Guy Perennou, Nadine Vigouroux:
  A non-linear filtering method applied to automatic segmentation of multilingual speech corpora.
  
• Piero Cosi, Daniele Falavigna, Maurizio Omologo:
  A preliminary statistical evaluation of manual and automatic segmentation discrepancies.
  
• James M. McQueen, Edward John Briscoe:
  A computational tool for examining lexical segmentation in continuous speech.
  
• M. S. Schmidt, G. S. Watson:
  The evaluation and optimization of automatic speech segmentation.
  
• G. Feng, N. Achab, R. Combescure:
  On-line speech segmentation using adaptive models: application to variable rate speech coding.
  
• P. A. Taylor, Stephen D. Isard:
  Automatic diphone segmentation.
  
• Georg Ottesen:
  An automatic diphone segmentation system.
  
• Richard Brierton, Barry M. G. Cheetham:
  An evaluation oof spectral transitivity functions for speech segmentation in variable frame-rate speech vocoding.
  

Automatic Speech Recognition: Applications

• Dirk Van Compernolle, J. Smolders, P. Jaspers, T. Hellemans:
  Speaker clustering for dialectic robustness in speaker independent recognition.
  
• Dina Yashchin, William C. G. Ortel:
  Experience with speech recognition in automating telephone operator functions.
  
• F. Canavesio, Lorenzo Fissore, Mario Oreglia, P. Ruscitti:
  HMM modeling in the public telephone network environment: experiments and results.
  
• Dominique Morin:
  Influence of field data in HMM training for a vocal server.
  
• Alberto Ciaramella, Lorenzo Fissore, Alberto Pacchiotti, Roberto Pacifici:
  An isolated word speech recognizer prototype for mobile-radio applications.
  

Natural Language Processing

• James Monaghan, Christine Cheepen:
  Linguistic modelling for a speech interface in the office context.
  
• Andrea Di Carlo, Rino Falcone:
  Ill-formedness problem in the spoken language processing.
  
• Giulio Maltese, Federico Mancini:
  A technique to automatically assign parts-of-speech to words taking into account word-ending information through a probabilistic model.
  
• Marcello Pelillo, Mario Refice:
  Syntactic category disambiguation through relaxation processes.
  
• E. N. Wrigley, Jeremy H. Wright:
  Computational requirements of probabilistic LR parsing for speech recognition using a natural language grammar.
  

Symbolic Processing in Speech Synthesis

• J. Tiboni, G. Perennon:
  Phonotypical transcription through the GEPH expert system.
  
• Briony Williams, Franziska Maier:
  A spelling corrector for use in text-to-speech synthesis for English.
  
• Thomas Russi:
  Robust and efficient parsing for applications such as text-to-speech conversion.
  
• Robert W. P. Luk, Robert I. Damper:
  Stochastic transduction for English text-to-phoneme conversion.
  

Sub-Lexical Unit Modelling

• Mei-Yuh Hwang, Xuedong Huang:
  Acoustic distribution clustering in phonetic hidden Markov models.
  
• Mats Blomberg:
  Modelling articulatory inter-timing variation in a speech recognition system based on synthetic references.
  
• Kari Torkkola, Mikko Kokkonen, Mikko Kurimo, Pekka Utela:
  Improving short-time speech frame recognition results by using context.
  
• Panagiotis A. Rentzepopoulos, George K. Kokkinakis:
  Phoneme to grapheme conversion using HMM.
  
• S. H. Parfitt, R. A. Sharman:
  A bi-directional model of English pronunciation.
  

Speech Understanding and Dialogue

• David Goodine, Stephanie Seneff, Lynette Hirschman, Michael S. Phillips:
  Full integration of speech and language understanding in the MIT spoken language system.
  
• Takayuki Yamaoka, Hitoshi Iida:
  Dialogue interpretation model and its application to next utterance prediction for spoken language processing.
  
• W. Boogers:
  Dialogue construction by compilation.
  
• Izuru Nogaito, Masahiko Takahashi, Shingo Kuroiwa, Fumihiro Yato:
  Dialogue management in an extension number guidance system.
  
• Encarna Segarra, Pedro Garcia:
  Automatic learning of acoustic and syntactic-semantic levels in continuous speech understanding.
  
• Paolo Baggia, Alberto Ciaramella, Davide Clementino, Lorenzo Fissore, Elisabetta Gerbino, Egidio P. Giachin, Giorgio Micca, Luciano Nebbia, Roberto Pacifici, G. Pirani, Claudio Rullent:
  A man-machine dialogue system for speech access to e-mail information using the telephone: implementation and first results.
  

Assessment

• Renée van Bezooijen, Louis C. W. Pols:
  Performance of text-to-speech conversion for dutch: a comparative evaluation of allophone and diphone based synthesis at the level of the segment, the word, and the paragraph.
  
• Christian Benoît, Françoise Emerard, Betina Schnabel, A. Tseva:
  Quality comparisons of prosodic and of acoustic components of various synthesisers.
  
• Martine Griee, Kiki Vagges, Daniel Hirst:
  Assessment of intonation in text-to-speech synthesis systems - a pilot test in English and Italian.
  
• Alex I. C. Monaghan:
  Evaluation of the naturalness of prosody generated by the CSTR TTS system.
  
• Ulrich Halka:
  Speech-model processes for objective quality measurements of speech-coding systems.
  

Speech Recognition: Stochastic Modelling

• Stephan Euler:
  Adaptation techniques in tied density hidden Markov models.
  
• Denis Jouvet, Katarina Bartkova, Jean Monné:
  On the modelization of allophones in an HMM based speech recognition system.
  
• Denis Jouvet, Laurent Mauuary, Jean Monné:
  Automatic adjustments of the structure of Markov models for speech recognition applications.
  
• Hong C. Leung, I. Lee Hetherington, Victor W. Zue:
  Speech recognition using stochastic explicit-segment modeling.
  
• D. Dubois:
  Comparison of time-dependent acoustic features for a speaker-independent speech recognition system.
  
• Jean-Luc Gauvain, Chin-Hui Lee:
  Bayesian learning for hidden Markov model with Gaussian mixture state observation densities.
  

Speech Interfaces: Systems and Applications

• Hans-Wilhelm Rühl:
  Voice controlled mail ordering via telephone using SPREIN.
  
• Stefan Dobler, Werner Armbruester, Peter Meyer, Hans-Wilhelm Rühl:
  A voice dialling device for mobile radio.
  
• Kamel Smaïli, François Charpillet, Jean-Marie Pierrel, Jean Paul Haton:
  A continuous speech recognition approach for the design of a dictation machine.
  
• David L. Thomson, Jay G. Wilpon, Rafid A. Sukkar, Dimitrios P. Prezas:
  Automatic speech recognition in the Spanish telephone network.
  
• Roberto Billi, P. Buttafava, P. De Stefani, M. Gamba, D. Voltolini:
  Computer-aided, voice-based, medical report preparation: an application to radiology.
  
• Filipe N. Carlos, Jose P. Carmona, Pedro M. Chagas, Luís C. Oliveira, António Joaquim Serralheiro, Isabel Trancoso:
  A recognition / synthesis system applied to database access through the telephone network.
  
• Seppo Helle:
  An experiment in using a hypertext system in phonetics and speech processing education.
  
• Giuliano Antoniol, Fabio Brugnara, F. Dalla Palma, Gianni Lazzari, E. Moser:
  A. RE. s. : an interface for automatic reporting by speech.
  
• U. Schultheiß, Bernd Lochschmidt:
  COGNITO - an experimental voice-controlled telecommunication system.
  
• Jared Bernstein, Dimitry Rtischev:
  A voice interactive language instruction system.
  
• Edmund Rooney, Steven M. Hiller, John Laver, Maria-Gabriella Di Benedetto:
  Macro and micro features for automated pronunciation improvement in the spell system.
  

Neural Nets: Comparative Studies, Lexical Recognition

• Laurence Devillers, Christian Dugast:
  Comparison of continuous mixture densities and TDNN in a viterbi-framework: experiments on speaker dependent DARPA RM1+.
  
• Peter Thurston, Dennis Norris:
  A comparison of two compression functions used for noisy vowel detection with back-propagation networks.
  
• Javier Ferreiros, A. Castro, José M. Pardo:
  Comparison between two different approaches in speaker - independent isolated digit recognition.
  
• Franck Poirier:
  DVQ: dynamic vector quantization application to speech processing.
  
• Yoshua Bengio, Renato de Mori, Giovanni Flammia, Ralf Kompe:
  A comparative study on hybrid acoustic phonetic decoders based on artificial neural networks.
  
• Hidefumi Sawai, Satoru Nakamura:
  Time-delay neural network architectures for high-performance speaker-independent recognition.
  
• Peter Wittenburg, R. Couwenberg:
  Recurrent neural nets as building blocks for human word recognition.
  
• Fisseha Mekuria, Tore Fjällbrant:
  A neural net model for vector quantization.
  
• N. H. Russell, Frank Fallside, A. J. Robinson, Richard W. Prager:
  Lexical access using a recurrent error propagation network.
  
• Peter Brauer, Per Hedelin, Dieter Huber, Petter Knagenhjelm, Johan Molno:
  Model or non-model based classifiers.
  
• Toomas Altosaar, Matti Karjalainen:
  Event-based recognition and analysis of speech by neural networks.
  
• Frederick Jelinek:
  Up from trigrams! - the struggle for improved language models.
  
• Rolf Carlson:
  Synthesis: modelling variability and constraints.
  

Dialogue and Translation

• Marc Guyomard, Jacques Siroux, Alain Cozannet:
  The role of dialogue in speech recognition the case of the yellow.
  
• Elisabetta Gerbino, Paolo Baggia:
  Interpretation of context-dependent utterances in man-machine dialogue.
  
• S. Eggins, Julie Vonwiller, Christian Matthiessen, P. Sefton:
  The description of minor clauses in information-seeking telephone dialogues.
  
• David B. Roe, Fernando Pereira, Richard Sproat, Michael D. Riley, Pedro J. Moreno, Alejandro Macarrón:
  Toward a spoken language translator for restricted-domain context-free languages.
  
• N. Venkata Subramaniam, Narayanan Alwar, G. Mallikarjuna, P. Prabhakar Rao, Subramanian Raman:
  Bidirectional machine translation in indian languages.
  

Speech Analysis and Signal Representation

• Constantin Papaodysseus, Elias Koukoutsis, C. Triantafillou, C. Vasilatos:
  Exact monitoring of the numerical error in various speech algorithms.
  
• Jacques C. Koreman, Bert Cranen, Louis Boves:
  Automatic computation and comparison of dynamically varying voice source parameters.
  
• Paavo Alku:
  Glottal wave analysis with pitch synchronous iterative adaptive inverse filtering.
  
• Thierry Galas, Xavier Rodet:
  Generalized functional approximation for source-filter system modeling.
  
• Frédéric Bimbot, Bishnu S. Atal:
  An evaluation of temporal decomposition.
  

Discriminant Training and Speaker Adaptation

• Klaus Zünkler:
  A discriminative recognizer for isolated and continuous speech using statistical separability measures.
  
• Otto Schmidbauer, Harald Höge:
  Speaker adaptation based on articulatory features.
  
• Fabio Brugnara, Renato de Mori, Diego Giuliani, Maurizio Omologo:
  A parallel HMM approach to speech recognition.
  
• Tsuneo Nitta, Jun'ichi Iwasaki, Hiroshi Matsu'ura:
  Speaker independent word recognition using HMMs with an orthogonalized phonetic segment codebook.
  
• Pascale Fung, Tatsuya Kawahara, Shuji Doshita:
  Unsupervised speaker normalization by speaker Markov model converter for speaker-independent speech recognition.
  

Perception I

• R. J. J. H. van Son, Louis C. W. Pols:
  The influence of formant track shape on the perception of synthetic vowels.
  
• P. A. Howard-Jones:
  Fluctuation of noise background: measurement and significance in relation to speech masking.
  
• C. Ma, L. F. Willems:
  The audibility of narrow band noise in fiat spectral complex sounds.
  
• Gitta P. M. Laan, Dick R. van Bergem, Florien J. Koopmans-van Beinum:
  The importance of spectral quality of vowels for the intelligibility of sentences.
  
• Herman J. M. Steeneken, Tammo Houtgast:
  On the mutual dependency of octave-band-specific contributions to speech intelligibility.
  
• Brit van Ooyen, Anne Cutler, Dennis Norris:
  Detection times for vowels versus consonants.
  
• Dick R. van Bergem:
  The influence of sentence accent, word stress, and word class on the quality of vowels.
  
• Florien J. Koopmans-van Beinum:
  A peak-and-level model for focus words in read and spontaneous natural speech and in synthetic speech.
  
• John Ingram, Jeff Pittam:
  Connected speech processes in second language learning.
  

Speech Synthesis and Prosody

• Rodmonga K. Potapova:
  Modification of acoustic features in Russian connected speech.
  
• Helmer Strik, Louis Boves:
  On the relation between voice source characteristics and prosody.
  
• Sverre Stensby:
  Prosody in a rule-based norwegian text-to-speech system.
  
• A. S. Madhukumar, S. Rajendran, C. Chandra Sekhar, B. Yegnanarayana:
  Synthesizing intonation for speech in hindi.
  
• James Hieronymus, Briony J. Williams:
  An investigation of the relation between perceived pitch accent and automatically-located accent in british English.
  
• Silvia Quazza:
  Modelling Italian intonation in a text-to-speech system.
  
• Michael H. O'Malley, Howard Resnick, Michelle Caisse:
  An analysis of strategies for finding prosodic clues in text.
  
• Marcello Balestri:
  A coded dictionary for stress assignment rules in Italian.
  

Text-to-Speech Synthesis Systems

• Enrico te Lindert, Hugo van Leeuwen:
  Speech maker: text-to-speech conversion based on a multi-level, synchronized data structure.
  
• Eric Lewis, Mark Tatham:
  A new text-to-speech synthesis system.
  
• Luís C. Oliveira, Céu Viana, Isabel Trancoso:
  DIXI - portuguese text-to-speech system.
  
• P. Molbaek Hansen, N. Reinholt Petersen, Jørgen Rischel, Carsten Henriksen:
  Higher-level linguistic information in a text-to-speech system for danish.
  
• Gábor Olaszy:
  Adaptation of the multivox text-to-speech system to Italian.
  

Phonetic Modelling

• Partha Niyogi, Victor W. Zue:
  Correlation analysis of vowels and their application to speech recognition.
  
• John N. Holmes:
  Use of phonetic knowledge when designing and training stochastic models for speech recognition.
  
• Bernhard Kaspar, Karlheinz Schuhmacher:
  Modelling phones by microsegments in a phonetically oriented recognition system.
  
• Il K. Kim, H. S. Lee:
  An extended LVQ2 algorithm and its application to phoneme classification.
  
• Paul J. Dix, G. J. Vernooij, Gerrit Bloothooft:
  A hierarchical broad phonetic classification scheme.
  

Generation of Prosody

• Julia Hirschberg:
  Using text analysis to predict intonational boundaries.
  
• Merle Horne:
  Why do speakers accent 'given' information ?
  
• Julie Vonwiller, R. W. King, R. W. T. Lloyd:
  Automatic prosody assignment for interactive synthesized dialogue systems.
  
• NickYoud NickYoud, Jill House:
  Generating intonation in a voice dialogue system.
  
• Rodolfo Delmonte, Roberto Dolci:
  Computing linguistic knowledge for text-to-speech systems with PROSO.
  

Speech Processing and Analysis

• C. Acker, Peter Vary, H. Ostendarp:
  Acoustic echo cancellation using prediction residual signals.
  
• H. S. Dabis, Alan Wrench:
  An evaluation of adaptive noise cancelling for speech recognition.
  
• Enzo Mumolo, Antonello Riccio, Giuseppe Abbattista:
  An efficient algorithm for real-time voiced/unvoiced decision.
  
• Tim Aarset, Ben Gold:
  Models of pitch perception.
  
• P. Corney, John S. Mason:
  A new perspective on LPC excitation using singular value decomposition.
  
• Werner Verhelst, Marcel Borger:
  Intra-speaker transplantation of speech characteristics an application of waveform vocoding techniques and DTW.
  
• S. H. Leung, O. Y. Wong, K. L. Lai:
  Decomposition of the LPC excitation using wavelet functions.
  
• Eliathamby Ambikairajah, Liam Kilmartin:
  An adaptive cochlear model for speech recognition.
  
• Gianni Jacovitti, Piero Pierucci, Alessandro Falaschi:
  Speech segmentation and classification using higher order moments.
  

Automatic Speech Recognition: Hardware and Noise Reduction

• Alberto Ciaramella, Davide Clementino, Roberto Pacifici:
  A PC-housed speaker independent large vocabulary continuous telephonic speech recognizer.
  
• Abdulmesih Aktas, Klaus Zünkler:
  Speaker independent continuous HMM-based recognition of isolated words on a real-time multi-DSP system.
  
• Anastasios Tsopanoglou, Efstathios D. Kyriakis-Bitzaros, J. Mourjopoulos, George K. Kokkinakis:
  A real time speech decoder using instantaneous frequency and energy.
  
• M. Schultheiß, Arild Lacroix:
  Fast hardware for efficient parallel processing of speech signals.
  
• Jan Sedivý, Jiff Filcev, Jan Uhlír, Tomas Vanek, Václav Hanzl, Zdenek Oliva, Petr Kotek:
  The one chip speech recognition system.
  
• Luis Villarrubia, M. J. Poza, C. Crespo:
  Influence of the telephone line on automatic speech recognition.
  
• Hynek Hermansky, Nelson Morgan, Aruna Bayya, Phil Kohn:
  Compensation for the effect of the communication channel in auditory-like analysis of speech (RASTA-PLP).
  
• Jean-Claude Junqua, Ben Reaves, Brian Mak:
  A study of endpoint detection algorithms in adverse conditions: incidence on a DTW and HMM recognizer.
  
• Susanne Dvorak, Thomas Hormann:
  High-performance speech recognition in noise by continuously updated reference templates.
  
• Klára Vicsi:
  Speech enhancement in the case of speech recognizers.
  
• Juan Gómez-Mena, J. Santos-Suarez, Ramón García Gómez:
  A robust feature extraction method for automatic speech recognition in noisy environments.
  

Sub-Word Units for Automatic Speech Recognition

• Lorenzo Fissore, Egidio P. Giachin, Pietro Laface, Giorgio Micca:
  Selection of speech units for a speaker-independent CSR task.
  
• Egidio P. Giachin, Chin-Hui Lee, Lawrence R. Rabiner, Aaron E. Rosenberg, Roberto Pieraccini:
  Word juncture modeling using inter-word context-dependent phone-like units.
  
• Akito Nagai, Shigeki Sagayama, Kenji Kita:
  Phoneme-context-dependent LR parsing algorithms for HMM-based continuous speech recognition.
  
• H. Drexler, R. Roddeman, Louis Boves, Helmer Strik:
  Optimizing lexical fast search in a large vocabulary isolated word speech recognition system.
  

Auditory Modelling

• Tore Fjällbrant, Fisseha Mekuria:
  Signal processing using an auditory filter bank with side-lobes and phase-jumps.
  
• J. S. C. van Dijk:
  Notes on auditive coding of sophisticated signals.
  
• Manfred Beham:
  An auditorily based spectral transformation of speech signals.
  
• Andrew C. Morris, Pierre Escudier, Jean-Luc Schwartz:
  On and off units detect information bottle-necks for speech recognition.
  
• Jose A. Pozas-Alvarez:
  A new logic operator-based auditory system model.
  

Speech Interfaces: Dialogue and Human Factors

• Jeremy Peckham:
  Speech understanding and dialogue over the telephone: an overview of progress in the sundial project.
  
• Jean-Pierre Tubach, P. Doignon:
  A system for natural spoken language queries design, implementation and assessment.
  
• Guy Deville, Pierre Mousel:
  Operational validation of syntactic-semantic models in a spoken man-machine dialogue system.
  
• Bertrand Gaiffe, Laurent Romary, Jean-Marie Pierrel:
  References in a multimodal dialogue: towards a unified processing.
  
• Pierre Lefebvre, G. Duncan, Frank Poirier:
  The user-unix dialogue: a novel integrated approach to enhancing the operating system interface.
  
• Bodo Arndt:
  Adoption op verbal and visual dialogue behaviour in document handling systems.
  
• Paula M. T. Smeele, Anne C. Sittig:
  The contribution of vision to speech perception.
  
• Robin J. Lickley, R. C. Shillcock, Ellen Gurman Bard:
  Processing disfluent speech: how and when are disfluencies found?
  
• A. Chointere, Jean-Marc Robert, Raymond Descout:
  Building a user interface for a speech recognition-based telephone application system.
  
• A. C. Murray, Clive Frankish, Dylan M. Jones:
  System design and human factors in auditory interfaces.
  

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