Stop the war!Остановите войну!
for scientists:
Google
Google Scholar
Semantic Scholar
IA Scholar
CiteSeerX
ORCIDRoger Levy
Roger P. Levy
Person information
- affiliation: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
- affiliation: University of California, San Diego, Department of Linguistics, La Jolla, CA, USA
- affiliation: University of Edinburgh, School of Informatics, UK
- affiliation (PhD 2005): Stanford University, CA, USA
Refine list
refinements active!
zoomed in on ?? of ?? records
view refined list in
export refined list as
showing all ?? records
2020 – today
- 2022
[c81]Clara Meister, Tiago Pimentel, Thomas Hikaru Clark, Ryan Cotterell, Roger Levy:
Analyzing Wrap-Up Effects through an Information-Theoretic Lens. ACL (2) 2022: 20-28- [c80]Peng Qian, Roger Levy:
Flexible Generation from Fragmentary Linguistic Input. ACL (1) 2022: 8176-8196 - [i35]Jiayuan Mao, Haoyue Shi, Jiajun Wu, Roger P. Levy, Joshua B. Tenenbaum:
Grammar-Based Grounded Lexicon Learning. CoRR abs/2202.08806 (2022) - [i34]Clara Meister, Tiago Pimentel, Thomas Hikaru Clark, Ryan Cotterell, Roger Levy:
Analyzing Wrap-Up Effects through an Information-Theoretic Lens. CoRR abs/2203.17213 (2022) - [i33]Mycal Tucker, Tiwalayo Eisape, Peng Qian, Roger Levy, Julie Shah:
When Does Syntax Mediate Neural Language Model Performance? Evidence from Dropout Probes. CoRR abs/2204.09722 (2022) - [i32]Emmy Liu, Michael Henry Tessler, Nicole Dubosh, Katherine Mosher Hiller, Roger Levy:
Assessing Group-level Gender Bias in Professional Evaluations: The Case of Medical Student End-of-Shift Feedback. CoRR abs/2206.00234 (2022) - [i31]Stephan C. Meylan, Ruthe Foushee, Nicole H. Wong, Elika Bergelson, Roger P. Levy:
How Adults Understand What Young Children Say. CoRR abs/2206.07807 (2022) - 2021
- [c79]Mycal Tucker, Peng Qian, Roger Levy:
What if This Modified That? Syntactic Interventions with Counterfactual Embeddings. ACL/IJCNLP (Findings) 2021: 862-875 - [c78]Ethan Wilcox, Pranali Vani, Roger Levy:
A Targeted Assessment of Incremental Processing in Neural Language Models and Humans. ACL/IJCNLP (1) 2021: 939-952 - [c77]Peng Qian, Tahira Naseem, Roger Levy, Ramón Fernandez Astudillo:
Structural Guidance for Transformer Language Models. ACL/IJCNLP (1) 2021: 3735-3745 - [c76]Clara Meister, Tiago Pimentel, Patrick Haller, Lena Jäger, Ryan Cotterell, Roger Levy:
Revisiting the Uniform Information Density Hypothesis. EMNLP (1) 2021: 963-980 - [c75]Yiwen Wang, Jennifer Hu, Roger Levy, Peng Qian:
Controlled Evaluation of Grammatical Knowledge in Mandarin Chinese Language Models. EMNLP (1) 2021: 5604-5620 - [c74]Jiayuan Mao, Freda Shi, Jiajun Wu, Roger Levy, Josh Tenenbaum:
Grammar-Based Grounded Lexicon Learning. NeurIPS 2021: 7865-7878 - [i30]Stephan C. Meylan, Ruthe Foushee, Elika Bergelson, Roger P. Levy:
Child-directed Listening: How Caregiver Inference Enables Children's Early Verbal Communication. CoRR abs/2102.03462 (2021) - [i29]Matthias Hofer, Tuan Anh Le, Roger Levy, Joshua B. Tenenbaum:
Learning Evolved Combinatorial Symbols with a Neuro-symbolic Generative Model. CoRR abs/2104.08274 (2021) - [i28]Mycal Tucker, Peng Qian, Roger Levy:
What if This Modified That? Syntactic Interventions via Counterfactual Embeddings. CoRR abs/2105.14002 (2021) - [i27]Ethan Gotlieb Wilcox, Pranali Vani, Roger P. Levy:
A Targeted Assessment of Incremental Processing in Neural LanguageModels and Humans. CoRR abs/2106.03232 (2021) - [i26]Peng Qian, Tahira Naseem, Roger Levy, Ramón Fernandez Astudillo:
Structural Guidance for Transformer Language Models. CoRR abs/2108.00104 (2021) - [i25]Jennifer Hu, Roger Levy, Noga Zaslavsky:
Scalable pragmatic communication via self-supervision. CoRR abs/2108.05799 (2021) - [i24]Yiwen Wang, Jennifer Hu, Roger Levy, Peng Qian:
Controlled Evaluation of Grammatical Knowledge in Mandarin Chinese Language Models. CoRR abs/2109.11058 (2021) - [i23]Clara Meister, Tiago Pimentel, Patrick Haller, Lena Jäger, Ryan Cotterell, Roger Levy:
Revisiting the Uniform Information Density Hypothesis. CoRR abs/2109.11635 (2021) - 2020
- [j6]Richard Futrell, Edward Gibson, Roger P. Levy:
Lossy-Context Surprisal: An Information-Theoretic Model of Memory Effects in Sentence Processing. Cogn. Sci. 44(3) (2020) - [c73]Jon Gauthier, Jennifer Hu, Ethan Wilcox, Peng Qian, Roger Levy:
SyntaxGym: An Online Platform for Targeted Evaluation of Language Models. ACL (demo) 2020: 70-76 - [c72]Jennifer Hu, Jon Gauthier, Peng Qian, Ethan Wilcox, Roger Levy:
A Systematic Assessment of Syntactic Generalization in Neural Language Models. ACL 2020: 1725-1744 - [c71]Yevgeni Berzak, Jonathan Malmaud, Roger Levy:
STARC: Structured Annotations for Reading Comprehension. ACL 2020: 5726-5735 - [c70]Tristan Thrush, Ethan Wilcox, Roger Levy:
Investigating Novel Verb Learning in BERT: Selectional Preference Classes and Alternation-Based Syntactic Generalization. BlackboxNLP@EMNLP 2020: 265-275 - [c69]Matthias Hofer, Tessa Verhoef, Roger Levy:
Hierarchical Inferences Support Systematicity in the Lexicon. CogSci 2020 - [c68]Jon Gauthier, Jiayuan Mao, Tianmin Shu, Roger Levy, Josh Tenenbaum:
Jointly learning motion verbs and frame semantics from natural language and grounded scenes. CogSci 2020 - [c67]Stephan C. Meylan, Roger Levy, Elika Bergelson:
Children's Expressive and Receptive Knowledge of the English Regular Plural. CogSci 2020 - [c66]Abi Tenenbaum, Mika Braginsky, Roger Levy:
Integrating Semantics Into Developmental Models of Morphology Learning. CogSci 2020 - [c65]Michael Henry Tessler, Polina Tsvilodub, Jesse Snedeker, Roger Levy:
Informational goals, sentence structure, and comparison class inference. CogSci 2020 - [c64]Ethan Wilcox, Jon Gauthier, Jennifer Hu, Peng Qian, Roger Levy:
On the Predictive Power of Neural Language Models for Human Real-Time Comprehension Behavior. CogSci 2020 - [c63]Jonathan Malmaud, Roger Levy, Yevgeni Berzak:
Bridging Information-Seeking Human Gaze and Machine Reading Comprehension. CoNLL 2020: 142-152 - [c62]Tiwalayo Eisape, Noga Zaslavsky, Roger Levy:
Cloze Distillation: Improving Neural Language Models with Human Next-Word Prediction. CoNLL 2020: 609-619 - [c61]Ethan Wilcox, Peng Qian, Richard Futrell, Ryosuke Kohita, Roger Levy, Miguel Ballesteros:
Structural Supervision Improves Few-Shot Learning and Syntactic Generalization in Neural Language Models. EMNLP (1) 2020: 4640-4652 - [i22]Yevgeni Berzak, Jonathan Malmaud, Roger Levy:
STARC: Structured Annotations for Reading Comprehension. CoRR abs/2004.14797 (2020) - [i21]Jennifer Hu, Jon Gauthier, Peng Qian, Ethan Wilcox, Roger P. Levy:
A Systematic Assessment of Syntactic Generalization in Neural Language Models. CoRR abs/2005.03692 (2020) - [i20]Noga Zaslavsky, Jennifer Hu, Roger P. Levy:
A Rate-Distortion view of human pragmatic reasoning. CoRR abs/2005.06641 (2020) - [i19]Ethan Gotlieb Wilcox, Jon Gauthier, Jennifer Hu, Peng Qian, Roger Levy:
On the Predictive Power of Neural Language Models for Human Real-Time Comprehension Behavior. CoRR abs/2006.01912 (2020) - [i18]Jonathan Malmaud, Roger Levy, Yevgeni Berzak:
Bridging Information-Seeking Human Gaze and Machine Reading Comprehension. CoRR abs/2009.14780 (2020) - [i17]Ethan Wilcox, Peng Qian, Richard Futrell, Ryosuke Kohita, Roger Levy, Miguel Ballesteros:
Structural Supervision Improves Few-Shot Learning and Syntactic Generalization in Neural Language Models. CoRR abs/2010.05725 (2020) - [i16]Tristan Thrush, Ethan Wilcox, Roger Levy:
Investigating Novel Verb Learning in BERT: Selectional Preference Classes and Alternation-Based Syntactic Generalization. CoRR abs/2011.02417 (2020)
2010 – 2019
- 2019
- [c60]Ethan Wilcox, Roger Levy, Richard Futrell:
Hierarchical Representation in Neural Language Models: Suppression and Recovery of Expectations. BlackboxNLP@ACL 2019: 181-190 - [c59]Matthias Hofer, Roger Levy:
Iconicity and Structure in the Emergence of Combinatoriality. CogSci 2019: 442-448 - [c58]Ethan Wilcox, Roger Levy, Richard Futrell:
What Syntactic Structures block Dependencies in RNN Language Models? CogSci 2019: 1199-1205 - [c57]Meilin Zhan, Roger Levy:
Availability-Based Production Predicts Speakers' Real-time Choices of Mandarin Classifiers. CogSci 2019: 1268-1274 - [c56]Junyi Chu, Jon Gauthier, Roger Levy, Josh Tenenbaum, Laura Schulz:
Query-guided visual search. CogSci 2019: 1520 - [c55]Jon Gauthier, Roger Levy, Josh Tenenbaum:
A rational model of syntactic bootstrapping. CogSci 2019: 1815-1821 - [c54]Peng Qian, Luke B. Hewitt, Josh Tenenbaum, Roger Levy:
Inferring Structured Visual Concepts from Minimal Data. CogSci 2019: 2620-2626 - [c53]Michael Henry Tessler, Karen Gu, Roger Levy:
Incremental understanding of conjunctive generic sentences. CogSci 2019: 2954-2960 - [c52]Abi Tenenbaum, Roger Levy:
Incorporating Semantic Constraints into Algorithms for Unsupervised Learning of Morphology. CogSci 2019: 3591 - [c51]Jon Gauthier, Roger Levy:
Linking artificial and human neural representations of language. EMNLP/IJCNLP (1) 2019: 529-539 - [c50]Aixiu An, Peng Qian, Ethan Wilcox, Roger Levy:
Representation of Constituents in Neural Language Models: Coordination Phrase as a Case Study. EMNLP/IJCNLP (1) 2019: 2888-2899 - [c49]Aida Nematzadeh, Richard Futrell, Roger Levy:
Language Learning and Processing in People and Machines. NAACL-HLT (Tutorial Abstracts) 2019: 19-21 - [c48]Richard Futrell, Ethan Wilcox, Takashi Morita
, Peng Qian, Miguel Ballesteros, Roger Levy:
Neural language models as psycholinguistic subjects: Representations of syntactic state. NAACL-HLT (1) 2019: 32-42 - [c47]Ethan Wilcox, Peng Qian, Richard Futrell, Miguel Ballesteros, Roger Levy:
Structural Supervision Improves Learning of Non-Local Grammatical Dependencies. NAACL-HLT (1) 2019: 3302-3312 - [i15]Ethan Wilcox, Peng Qian, Richard Futrell, Miguel Ballesteros, Roger Levy:
Structural Supervision Improves Learning of Non-Local Grammatical Dependencies. CoRR abs/1903.00943 (2019) - [i14]Richard Futrell, Ethan Wilcox, Takashi Morita, Peng Qian, Miguel Ballesteros, Roger Levy:
Neural Language Models as Psycholinguistic Subjects: Representations of Syntactic State. CoRR abs/1903.03260 (2019) - [i13]Nabeel Gillani, Roger Levy:
Simple dynamic word embeddings for mapping perceptions in the public sphere. CoRR abs/1904.03352 (2019) - [i12]Meilin Zhan, Roger Levy:
Availability-Based Production Predicts Speakers' Real-time Choices of Mandarin Classifiers. CoRR abs/1905.07321 (2019) - [i11]Ethan Wilcox, Roger Levy, Richard Futrell:
What Syntactic Structures block Dependencies in RNN Language Models? CoRR abs/1905.10431 (2019) - [i10]Ethan Wilcox, Roger Levy, Richard Futrell:
Hierarchical Representation in Neural Language Models: Suppression and Recovery of Expectations. CoRR abs/1906.04068 (2019) - [i9]Aixiu An, Peng Qian, Ethan Wilcox, Roger Levy:
Representation of Constituents in Neural Language Models: Coordination Phrase as a Case Study. CoRR abs/1909.04625 (2019) - [i8]Jon Gauthier, Roger Levy:
Linking artificial and human neural representations of language. CoRR abs/1910.01244 (2019) - 2018
- [c46]Jon Gauthier, Roger Levy, Josh Tenenbaum:
Word learning and the acquisition of syntactic-semantic overhypotheses. CogSci 2018 - [c45]Matthias Hofer, Josh Tenenbaum, Roger Levy:
Inductive Biases in the Evolution of Combinatorial Structure in Language. CogSci 2018 - [c44]Anna Ivanova, Roger Levy:
Pragmatic Inference of Intended Referents from Binomial Word Order. CogSci 2018 - [c43]Roger Levy:
Communicative Efficiency, Uniform Information Density, and the Rational Speech Act Theory. CogSci 2018 - [c42]Meilin Zhan, Roger Levy:
Comparing Theories of Speaker Choice Using Classifier Production in Mandarin Chinese. CogSci 2018 - [c41]Judy Hanwen Shen, Matthias Hofer, Bjarke Felbo, Roger Levy:
Comparing Models of Associative Meaning: An Empirical Investigation of Reference in Simple Language Games. CoNLL 2018: 292-301 - [c40]Ethan Wilcox, Roger Levy, Takashi Morita, Richard Futrell:
What do RNN Language Models Learn about Filler-Gap Dependencies? BlackboxNLP@EMNLP 2018: 211-221 - [c39]Yevgeni Berzak, Boris Katz, Roger Levy:
Assessing Language Proficiency from Eye Movements in Reading. NAACL-HLT 2018: 1986-1996 - [c38]Meilin Zhan, Roger Levy:
Comparing Theories of Speaker Choice Using a Model of Classifier Production in Mandarin Chinese. NAACL-HLT 2018: 1997-2005 - [i7]Yevgeni Berzak, Boris Katz, Roger Levy:
Assessing Language Proficiency from Eye Movements in Reading. CoRR abs/1804.07329 (2018) - [i6]Jon Gauthier, Roger Levy, Joshua B. Tenenbaum:
Word learning and the acquisition of syntactic-semantic overhypotheses. CoRR abs/1805.04988 (2018) - [i5]Ethan Wilcox, Roger Levy, Takashi Morita, Richard Futrell:
What do RNN Language Models Learn about Filler-Gap Dependencies? CoRR abs/1809.00042 (2018) - [i4]Richard Futrell, Ethan Wilcox, Takashi Morita, Roger Levy:
RNNs as psycholinguistic subjects: Syntactic state and grammatical dependency. CoRR abs/1809.01329 (2018) - [i3]Judy Hanwen Shen, Matthias Hofer, Bjarke Felbo, Roger Levy:
Comparing Models of Associative Meaning: An Empirical Investigation of Reference in Simple Language Games. CoRR abs/1810.03717 (2018) - [i2]Richard Futrell, Roger P. Levy:
Do RNNs learn human-like abstract word order preferences? CoRR abs/1811.01866 (2018) - 2017
- [j5]Edward Gibson, Steven T. Piantadosi, Roger Levy:
Post Hoc Analysis Decisions Drive the Reported Reading Time Effects in Hackl, Koster-Hale & Varvoutis (2012). J. Semant. 34(3): 539-546 (2017) - [c37]Matthias Hofer, Roger Levy:
Modeling Sources of Uncertainty in Spoken Word Learning. CogSci 2017 - [c36]Richard Futrell, Roger Levy:
Noisy-context surprisal as a human sentence processing cost model. EACL (1) 2017: 688-698 - [e3]Roger Levy, Lucia Specia:
Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL 2017), Vancouver, Canada, August 3-4, 2017. Association for Computational Linguistics 2017, ISBN 978-1-945626-54-8 [contents] - [i1]Richard Futrell, Roger Levy, Matthew Dryer:
A Statistical Comparison of Some Theories of NP Word Order. CoRR abs/1709.02783 (2017) - 2016
- [j4]Justine T. Kao, Roger Levy, Noah D. Goodman:
A Computational Model of Linguistic Humor in Puns. Cogn. Sci. 40(5): 1270-1285 (2016) - [j3]Christopher Potts, Daniel Lassiter, Roger Levy, Michael C. Frank:
Embedded Implicatures as Pragmatic Inferences under Compositional Lexical Uncertainty. J. Semant. 33(4): 755-802 (2016) - [c35]E. Dario Gutiérrez, Roger Levy, Benjamin Bergen:
Finding Non-Arbitrary Form-Meaning Systematicity Using String-Metric Learning for Kernel Regression. ACL (1) 2016 - [c34]Till Poppels, Roger Levy:
Structure-sensitive Noise Inference: Comprehenders Expect Exchange Errors. CogSci 2016 - [c33]Meilin Zhan, Roger P. Levy, Andrew Kehler:
Bayesian Pronoun Interpretation in Mandarin Chinese. CogSci 2016 - [c32]Gabriel Doyle, Roger Levy:
Data-driven learning of symbolic constraints for a log-linear model in a phonological setting. COLING 2016: 2217-2226 - 2015
- [c31]Emily Morgan, Roger Levy:
Modeling idiosyncratic preferences: How generative knowledge and expression frequency jointly determine language structure. CogSci 2015 - 2014
- [j2]Bozena Pajak, Roger Levy:
The role of abstraction in non-native speech perception. J. Phonetics 46: 147-160 (2014) - [j1]José Costa Pereira, Emanuele Coviello, Gabriel Doyle, Nikhil Rasiwasia, Gert R. G. Lanckriet, Roger Levy, Nuno Vasconcelos:
On the Role of Correlation and Abstraction in Cross-Modal Multimedia Retrieval. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 36(3): 521-535 (2014) - [c30]Gabriel Doyle, Klinton Bicknell, Roger Levy:
Nonparametric Learning of Phonological Constraints in Optimality Theory. ACL (1) 2014: 1094-1103 - 2013
- [c29]Bozena Pajak, Klinton Bicknell, Roger Levy:
A model of generalization in distributional learning of phonetic categories. CMCL 2013: 11-20 - [c28]Klinton Bicknell, Emily C. Higgins, Roger Levy, Keith Rayner:
Evidence for cognitively controlled saccade targeting in reading. CogSci 2013 - [c27]Justine T. Kao, Roger Levy, Noah D. Goodman:
The Funny Thing About Incongruity: A Computational Model of Humor in Puns. CogSci 2013 - [c26]Stephan C. Meylan, Michael C. Frank, Roger Levy:
Modeling the Development of Determiner Productivity in Children's Early Speech. CogSci 2013 - [c25]Gabriel Doyle, Roger Levy:
Combining multiple information types in Bayesian word segmentation. HLT-NAACL 2013: 117-126 - [e2]Vera Demberg, Roger Levy:
Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics, CMCL 2013, Sofia, Bulgaria, August 8, 2013. Association for Computational Linguistics 2013, ISBN 978-1-937284-61-9 [contents] - 2012
- [c24]Klinton Bicknell, Roger Levy:
Why long words take longer to read: the role of uncertainty about word length. CMCL@NAACL-HLT 2012: 21-30 - [c23]Victoria Fossum, Roger Levy:
Sequential vs. Hierarchical Syntactic Models of Human Incremental Sentence Processing. CMCL@NAACL-HLT 2012: 61-69 - [c22]Leon Bergen, Noah D. Goodman, Roger Levy:
That's what she (could have) said: How alternative utterances affect language use. CogSci 2012 - [c21]Leon Bergen, Roger Levy, Edward Gibson:
Verb omission errors: Evidence of rational processing of noisy language inputs. CogSci 2012 - [c20]Klinton Bicknell, Roger Levy:
Word predictability and frequency effects in a rational model of reading. CogSci 2012 - [c19]Bozena Pajak, Sarah C. Creel, Roger Levy:
Can native-language perceptual bias facilitate learning words in a new language? CogSci 2012 - [e1]David Reitter, Roger Levy:
Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics, CMCL@NAACL-HLT 2012, Montrèal, Canada, June 7, 2012. Association for Computational Linguistics 2012, ISBN 978-1-937284-20-6 [contents] - 2011
- [c18]Y. Albert Park, Roger Levy:
Automated Whole Sentence Grammar Correction Using a Noisy Channel Model. ACL 2011: 934-944 - [c17]Roger Levy:
Integrating surprisal and uncertain-input models in online sentence comprehension: formal techniques and empirical results. ACL 2011: 1055-1065 - [c16]Randy West, Y. Albert Park, Roger Levy:
Bilingual Random Walk Models for Automated Grammar Correction of ESL Author-Produced Text. BEA@ACL 2011: 170-179 - [c15]Klinton Bicknell, Roger Levy:
Why readers regress to previous words: A statistical analysis. CogSci 2011 - [c14]Bozena Pajak, Roger Levy:
Phonological generalization from distributional evidence. CogSci 2011 - [c13]Nathaniel Smith, Roger Levy:
Cloze but no cigar: The complex relationship between cloze, corpus, and subjective probabilities in language processing. CogSci 2011 - 2010
- [c12]Klinton Bicknell, Roger Levy:
A Rational Model of Eye Movement Control in Reading. ACL 2010: 1168-1178 - [c11]Nikhil Rasiwasia, José Costa Pereira, Emanuele Coviello, Gabriel Doyle, Gert R. G. Lanckriet, Roger Levy, Nuno Vasconcelos:
A new approach to cross-modal multimedia retrieval. ACM Multimedia 2010: 251-260 - [c10]Roger Levy, Klinton Bicknell, Nathaniel Smith:
Computational psycholinguistics. NAACL (Tutorial Abstracts) 2010: 19-20
2000 – 2009
- 2009
- [c9]Y. Albert Park, Roger Levy:
Minimal-length linearizations for mildly context-sensitive dependency trees. HLT-NAACL 2009: 335-343 - [c8]Klinton Bicknell, Roger Levy:
A model of local coherence effects in human sentence processing as consequences of updates from bottom-up prior to posterior beliefs. HLT-NAACL 2009: 665-673 - 2008
- [c7]Roger Levy:
A Noisy-Channel Model of Human Sentence Comprehension under Uncertain Input. EMNLP 2008: 234-243 - [c6]Roger Levy, Florencia Reali, Thomas L. Griffiths:
Modeling the effects of memory on human online sentence processing with particle filters. NIPS 2008: 937-944 - 2006
- [c5]Roger Levy, Galen Andrew:
Tregex and Tsurgeon: tools for querying and manipulating tree data structures. LREC 2006: 2231-2234 - [c4]Roger Levy, T. Florian Jaeger:
Speakers optimize information density through syntactic reduction. NIPS 2006: 849-856 - 2004
- [c3]Roger Levy, Christopher D. Manning:
Deep Dependencies from Context-Free Statistical Parsers: Correcting the Surface Dependency Approximation. ACL 2004: 327-334 - 2003
- [c2]Roger Levy, Christopher D. Manning:
Is it Harder to Parse Chinese, or the Chinese Treebank? ACL 2003: 439-446 - [c1]Cynthia A. Thompson, Roger Levy, Christopher D. Manning:
A Generative Model for Semantic Role Labeling. ECML 2003: 397-408