Reasoning on UML Class Diagrams is EXPTIME-hard.

Daniela Berardi Diego Calvanese Giuseppe De Giacomo Reasoning on UML Class Diagrams is EXPTIME-hard. 2003 conf/dlog/2003 Description Logics http://SunSITE.Informatik.RWTH-Aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-81/berardi-1.pdf db/conf/dlog/dlog2003.html#BerardiCG03