 | 2012 |
| 99 |  | Ye-Jyun Lin,
Chia-Lin Yang,
Jiao-Wei Huang,
Naehyuck Chang:
Memory access aware power gating for MPSoCs.
ASP-DAC 2012: 121-126 |
| 98 |  | Qing Xie,
Yanzhi Wang,
Massoud Pedram,
Younghyun Kim,
Donghwa Shin,
Naehyuck Chang:
Charge replacement in hybrid electrical energy storage systems.
ASP-DAC 2012: 627-632 |
| 97 |  | Qing Xie,
Xue Lin,
Yanzhi Wang,
Massoud Pedram,
Donghwa Shin,
Naehyuck Chang:
State of health aware charge management in hybrid electrical energy storage systems.
DATE 2012: 1060-1065 |
| 96 |  | Yanzhi Wang,
Qing Xie,
Massoud Pedram,
Younghyun Kim,
Naehyuck Chang,
Massimo Poncino:
Multiple-source and multiple-destination charge migration in hybrid electrical energy storage systems.
DATE 2012: 169-174 |
| 95 |  | Samarjit Chakraborty,
Martin Lukasiewycz,
Christian Buckl,
Suhaib A. Fahmy,
Naehyuck Chang,
Sangyoung Park,
Younghyun Kim,
Patrick Leteinturier,
Hans Adlkofer:
Embedded systems and software challenges in electric vehicles.
DATE 2012: 424-429 |
| 94 |  | Yanzhi Wang,
Xue Lin,
Younghyun Kim,
Naehyuck Chang,
Massoud Pedram:
Enhancing efficiency and robustness of a photovoltaic power system under partial shading.
ISQED 2012: 592-600 |
| 2011 |
| 93 |  | Naehyuck Chang,
Hiroshi Nakamura,
Koji Inoue,
Kenichi Osada,
Massimo Poncino:
Proceedings of the 2011 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2011, Fukuoka, Japan, August 1-3, 2011
IEEE/ACM 2011 |
| 92 |  | Qing Xie,
Yanzhi Wang,
Younghyun Kim,
Naehyuck Chang,
Massoud Pedram:
Charge allocation for hybrid electrical energy storage systems.
CODES+ISSS 2011: 277-284 |
| 91 |  | Donghwa Shin,
Younghyun Kim,
Naehyuck Chang,
Massoud Pedram:
Dynamic voltage scaling of OLED displays.
DAC 2011: 53-58 |
| 90 |  | Donghwa Shin,
Younghyun Kim,
Jaeam Seo,
Naehyuck Chang,
Yanzhi Wang,
Massoud Pedram:
Battery-supercapacitor hybrid system for high-rate pulsed load applications.
DATE 2011: 875-878 |
| 89 |  | Younghyun Kim,
Sangyoung Park,
Yanzhi Wang,
Qing Xie,
Naehyuck Chang,
Massimo Poncino,
Massoud Pedram:
Balanced reconfiguration of storage banks in a hybrid electrical energy storage system.
ICCAD 2011: 624-631 |
| 88 |  | Yanzhi Wang,
Younghyun Kim,
Qing Xie,
Naehyuck Chang,
Massoud Pedram:
Charge migration efficiency optimization in hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) systems.
ISLPED 2011: 103-108 |
| 87 |  | Woojoo Lee,
Younghyun Kim,
Yanzhi Wang,
Naehyuck Chang,
Massoud Pedram,
Soohee Han:
Versatile high-fidelity photovoltaic module emulation system.
ISLPED 2011: 91-96 |
| 86 |  | Younghyun Kim,
Sangyoung Park,
Youngjin Cho,
Naehyuck Chang:
System-Level Online Power Estimation Using an On-Chip Bus Performance Monitoring Unit.
IEEE Trans. on CAD of Integrated Circuits and Systems 30(11): 1585-1598 (2011) |
| 2010 |
| 85 |  | Vojin G. Oklobdzija,
Barry Pangle,
Naehyuck Chang,
Naresh R. Shanbhag,
Chris H. Kim:
Proceedings of the 2010 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2010, Austin, Texas, USA, August 18-20, 2010
ACM 2010 |
| 84 |  | Naehyuck Chang,
Jueun Seo,
Donghwa Shin,
Younghyun Kim:
Room-temperature fuel cells and their integration into portable and embedded systems.
ASP-DAC 2010: 69-74 |
| 83 |  | Yongsoo Joo,
Dimin Niu,
Xiangyu Dong,
Guangyu Sun,
Naehyuck Chang,
Yuan Xie:
Energy- and endurance-aware design of phase change memory caches.
DATE 2010: 136-141 |
| 82 |  | Naehyuck Chang,
Jörg Henkel,
Andy D. Pimentel,
Petru Eles:
Message from the chairs.
ESTImedia 2010 |
| 81 |  | Ye-Jyun Lin,
Chia-Lin Yang,
Tay-Jyi Lin,
Jiao-Wei Huang,
Naehyuck Chang:
Hierarchical memory scheduling for multimedia MPSoCs.
ICCAD 2010: 190-196 |
| 80 |  | Hyung Beom Jang,
Jinhang Choi,
Ikroh Yoon,
Sung-Soo Lim,
Seungwon Shin,
Naehyuck Chang,
Sung Woo Chung:
Exploiting application-dependent ambient temperature for accurate architectural simulation.
ICCD 2010: 502-508 |
| 79 |  | Sangyoung Park,
Jian-Jia Chen,
Donghwa Shin,
Younghyun Kim,
Chia-Lin Yang,
Naehyuck Chang:
Dynamic thermal management for networked embedded systems under harsh ambient temperature variation.
ISLPED 2010: 289-294 |
| 78 |  | Younghyun Kim,
Naehyuck Chang,
Yanzhi Wang,
Massoud Pedram:
Maximum power transfer tracking for a photovoltaic-supercapacitor energy system.
ISLPED 2010: 307-312 |
| 77 |  | Massoud Pedram,
Naehyuck Chang,
Younghyun Kim,
Yanzhi Wang:
Hybrid electrical energy storage systems.
ISLPED 2010: 363-368 |
| 76 |  | Jaehyun Park,
Donghwa Shin,
Naehyuck Chang,
Massoud Pedram:
Accurate modeling and calculation of delay and energy overheads of dynamic voltage scaling in modern high-performance microprocessors.
ISLPED 2010: 419-424 |
| 75 |  | Naehyuck Chang,
Jörg Henkel:
Call for papers ACM transactions on design automation of electronic systems (TODAES) special section on low-power electronics and design.
ACM Trans. Design Autom. Electr. Syst. 15(2): (2010) |
| 74 |  | Naehyuck Chang,
Jörg Henkel:
Guest Editorial: Current Trends in Low-Power Design.
ACM Trans. Design Autom. Electr. Syst. 16(1): 1 (2010) |
| 73 |  | Donghwa Shin,
Sung Woo Chung,
Eui-Young Chung,
Naehyuck Chang:
Energy-Optimal Dynamic Thermal Management: Computation and Cooling Power Co-Optimization.
IEEE Trans. Industrial Informatics 6(3): 340-351 (2010) |
| 2009 |
| 72 |  | Jörg Henkel,
Ali Keshavarzi,
Naehyuck Chang,
Tahir Ghani:
Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design, 2009, San Fancisco, CA, USA, August 19-21, 2009
ACM 2009 |
| 71 |  | Andy D. Pimentel,
Naehyuck Chang:
Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM/IFIP Workshop on Embedded Systems for Real-Time Multimedia, ESTIMedia 2009, Grenoble, France, 15-16 October 2009
IEEE 2009 |
| 70 |  | Yongsoo Joo,
Youngjin Cho,
Kyungsoo Lee,
Naehyuck Chang:
Improving application launch times with hybrid disks.
CODES+ISSS 2009: 373-382 |
| 69 |  | Andy D. Pimentel,
Naehyuck Chang,
Petru Eles,
Samarjit Chakraborty:
2009 IEEE/ACM/IFIP 7th workshop on embedded systems for Real-Time multimedia (ESTIMedia 2009).
ESTImedia 2009: 1 |
| 68 |  | Donghwa Shin,
Jihun Kim,
Naehyuck Chang,
Jinhang Choi,
Sung Woo Chung,
Eui-Young Chung:
Energy-optimal dynamic thermal management for green computing.
ICCAD 2009: 652-657 |
| 67 |  | Jianli Zhuo,
Chaitali Chakrabarti,
Kyungsoo Lee,
Naehyuck Chang,
Sarma B. K. Vrudhula:
Maximizing the Lifetime of Embedded Systems Powered by Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrids.
IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst. 17(1): 22-32 (2009) |
| 2008 |
| 66 |  | Youngjin Cho,
Younghyun Kim,
Sangyoung Park,
Naehyuck Chang:
System-level power estimation using an on-chip bus performance monitoring unit.
ICCAD 2008: 149-154 |
| 65 |  | Younghyun Kim,
Youngjin Cho,
Naehyuck Chang,
Chaitali Chakrabarti,
Nam Ik Cho:
Extending the lifetime of media recorders constrained by battery and flash memory size.
ISLPED 2008: 159-164 |
| 64 |  | Youngjin Cho,
Younghyun Kim,
Yongsoo Joo,
Kyungsoo Lee,
Naehyuck Chang:
Simultaneous optimization of battery-aware voltage regulator scheduling with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling.
ISLPED 2008: 309-314 |
| 63 |  | Kyungsoo Lee,
Naehyuck Chang,
Jianli Zhuo,
Chaitali Chakrabarti,
Sudheendra Kadri,
Sarma B. K. Vrudhula:
A fuel-cell-battery hybrid for portable embedded systems.
ACM Trans. Design Autom. Electr. Syst. 13(1): (2008) |
| 62 |  | Yongsoo Joo,
Youngjin Cho,
Donghwa Shin,
Jaehyun Park,
Naehyuck Chang:
An energy characterization platform for memory devices and energy-aware data compression for multilevel-cell flash memory.
ACM Trans. Design Autom. Electr. Syst. 13(3): (2008) |
| 61 |  | Yongsoo Joo,
Yongseok Choi,
Jaehyun Park,
Chanik Park,
Sung Woo Chung,
Eui-Young Chung,
Naehyuck Chang:
Energy and Performance Optimization of Demand Paging With OneNAND Flash.
IEEE Trans. on CAD of Integrated Circuits and Systems 27(11): 1969-1982 (2008) |
| 2007 |
| 60 |  | Luca Benini,
Naehyuck Chang,
Ulrich Kremer,
Christian W. Probst:
Power-aware Computing Systems, 21.01. - 26.01.2007
Internationales Begegnungs- und Forschungszentrum fuer Informatik (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany 2007 |
| 59 |  | Minje Jun,
Kwanhu Bang,
Hyuk-Jun Lee,
Naehyuck Chang,
Eui-Young Chung:
Slack-based Bus Arbitration Scheme for Soft Real-time Constrained Embedded Systems.
ASP-DAC 2007: 159-164 |
| 58 |  | Yongsoo Joo,
Youngjin Cho,
Donghwa Shin,
Naehyuck Chang:
Energy-Aware Data Compression for Multi-Level Cell (MLC) Flash Memory.
DAC 2007: 716-719 |
| 57 |  | Jianli Zhuo,
Chaitali Chakrabarti,
Kyungsoo Lee,
Naehyuck Chang:
Dynamic Power Management with Hybrid Power Sources.
DAC 2007: 871-876 |
| 56 |  | Youngjin Cho,
Younghyun Kim,
Naehyuck Chang:
PVS: passive voltage scaling for wireless sensor networks.
ISLPED 2007: 135-140 |
| 55 |  | Jianli Zhuo,
Chaitali Chakrabarti,
Naehyuck Chang:
Energy management of DVS-DPM enabled embedded systems powered by fuel cell-battery hybrid source.
ISLPED 2007: 322-327 |
| 54 |  | Luca Benini,
Naehyuck Chang,
Ulrich Kremer,
Christian W. Probst:
07041 Abstracts Collection - Power-aware Computing Systems.
Power-aware Computing Systems 2007 |
| 53 |  | Luca Benini,
Naehyuck Chang,
Ulrich Kremer,
Christian W. Probst:
07041 Summary - Power-aware Computing Systems.
Power-aware Computing Systems 2007 |
| 52 |  | Hyung Gyu Lee,
Naehyuck Chang,
Ümit Y. Ogras,
Radu Marculescu:
On-chip communication architecture exploration: A quantitative evaluation of point-to-point, bus, and network-on-chip approaches.
ACM Trans. Design Autom. Electr. Syst. 12(3): (2007) |
| 51 |  | Youngjin Cho,
Naehyuck Chang:
Energy-Aware Clock-Frequency Assignment in Microprocessors and Memory Devices for Dynamic Voltage Scaling.
IEEE Trans. on CAD of Integrated Circuits and Systems 26(6): 1030-1040 (2007) |
| 50 |  | Yongseok Choi,
Naehyuck Chang,
Taewhan Kim:
DC-DC Converter-Aware Power Management for Low-Power Embedded Systems.
IEEE Trans. on CAD of Integrated Circuits and Systems 26(8): 1367-1381 (2007) |
| 2006 |
| 49 |  | Yongsoo Joo,
Yongseok Choi,
Chanik Park,
Sung Woo Chung,
Eui-Young Chung,
Naehyuck Chang:
Demand paging for OneNANDTM Flash eXecute-in-place.
CODES+ISSS 2006: 229-234 |
| 48 |  | Hyung Gyu Lee,
Ümit Y. Ogras,
Radu Marculescu,
Naehyuck Chang:
Design space exploration and prototyping for on-chip multimedia applications.
DAC 2006: 137-142 |
| 47 |  | Jianli Zhuo,
Chaitali Chakrabarti,
Naehyuck Chang,
Sarma B. K. Vrudhula:
Extending the lifetime of fuel cell based hybrid systems.
DAC 2006: 562-567 |
| 46 |  | Youngjin Cho,
Naehyuck Chang,
Chaitali Chakrabarti,
Sarma B. K. Vrudhula:
High-level power management of embedded systems with application-specific energy cost functions.
DAC 2006: 568-573 |
| 45 |  | Ümit Y. Ogras,
Radu Marculescu,
Hyung Gyu Lee,
Naehyuck Chang:
Communication architecture optimization: making the shortest path shorter in regular networks-on-chip.
DATE 2006: 712-717 |
| 44 |  | Kyungsoo Lee,
Youngjin Cho,
Naehyuck Chang:
High-Level Power Management of Audio Power Amplifiers for Portable Multimedia Applications.
ESTImedia 2006: 41-46 |
| 43 |  | Ravishankar Rao,
Sarma B. K. Vrudhula,
Chaitali Chakrabarti,
Naehyuck Chang:
An optimal analytical solution for processor speed control with thermal constraints.
ISLPED 2006: 292-297 |
| 42 |  | Jianli Zhuo,
Chaitali Chakrabarti,
Naehyuck Chang,
Sarma B. K. Vrudhula:
Maximizing the lifetime of embedded systems powered by fuel cell-battery hybrids.
ISLPED 2006: 424-429 |
| 2005 |
| 41 |  | Yongseok Choi,
Naehyuck Chang,
Taewhan Kim:
DC-DC converter-aware power management for battery-operated embedded systems.
DAC 2005: 895-900 |
| 40 |  | Hojun Shim,
Youngjin Cho,
Naehyuck Chang:
Frame Buffer Compression Using a Limited-Size Code Book for Low-Power Display Systems.
ESTImedia 2005: 7-12 |
| 39 |  | Hyeonmin Lim,
Kyungsoo Lee,
Youngjin Cho,
Naehyuck Chang:
Flip-flop insertion with shifted-phase clocks for FPGA power reduction.
ICCAD 2005: 335-342 |
| 38 |  | Naehyuck Chang,
Hyeonmin Lim,
Kyungsoo Lee,
Youngjin Cho,
Hyung Gyu Lee,
Hojun Shim:
Graduate Class for System-Level Low-Power Design.
MSE 2005: 31-32 |
| 37 |  | Hyung Gyu Lee,
Naehyuck Chang:
Low-Energy Heterogeneous Non-Volatile Memory Systems for Mobile Systems.
J. Low Power Electronics 1(1): 52-62 (2005) |
| 2004 |
| 36 |  | Hojun Shim,
Naehyuck Chang,
Massoud Pedram:
A compressed frame buffer to reduce display power consumption in mobile systems.
ASP-DAC 2004: 818-823 |
| 35 |  | Hojun Shim,
Youngjin Cho,
Naehyuck Chang:
Power saving in hand-held multimedia systems using MPEG-21 digital item adaptation.
ESTImedia 2004: 13-18 |
| 34 |  | Naehyuck Chang:
In-House Tools for Low-Power Embedded Systems.
ICESS 2004: 44-58 |
| 33 |  | Youngjin Cho,
Naehyuck Chang:
Memory-aware energy-optimal frequency assignment for dynamic supply voltage scaling.
ISLPED 2004: 387-392 |
| 32 |  | Hojun Shim,
Naehyuck Chang,
Massoud Pedram:
A Backlight Power Management Framework for Battery-Operated Multimedia Systems.
IEEE Design & Test of Computers 21(5): 388-396 (2004) |
| 31 |  | Ikhwan Lee,
Yongseok Choi,
Youngjin Cho,
Yongsoo Joo,
Hyeonmin Lim,
Hyung Gyu Lee,
Hojun Shim,
Naehyuck Chang:
Web-Based Energy Exploration Tool for Embedded Systems.
IEEE Design & Test of Computers 21(6): 572-586 (2004) |
| 30 |  | Naehyuck Chang,
Inseok Choi,
Hojun Shim:
DLS: dynamic backlight luminance scaling of liquid crystal display.
IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst. 12(8): 837-846 (2004) |
| 2003 |
| 29 |  | Inseok Choi,
Hyung Soo Kim,
Heonshik Shin,
Naehyuck Chang:
LPBP: low-power basis profile of the Java 2 Micro Edition.
ISLPED 2003: 36-39 |
| 28 |  | Hyung Gyu Lee,
Naehyuck Chang:
Energy-aware memory allocation in heterogeneous non-volatile memory systems.
ISLPED 2003: 420-423 |
| 27 |  | Hyung Gyu Lee,
Sungyuep Nam,
Naehyuck Chang:
Cycle-accurate Energy Measurement and High-Level Energy Characterization of FPGAs.
ISQED 2003: 267-272 |
| 26 |  | Naehyuck Chang,
Ikhwan Lee:
Embedded System Hardware Design Course Track For Cs Students.
MSE 2003: 49-50 |
| 25 |  | Saehwa Kim,
Jamison Masse,
Seongsoo Hong,
Naehyuck Chang:
SCA-based Component Framework for Software Defined Radio.
WSTFEUS 2003: 3-6 |
| 24 |  | Hojun Shim,
Yongsoo Joo,
Yongseok Choi,
Hyung Gyu Lee,
Naehyuck Chang:
Low-energy off-chip SDRAM memory systems for embedded applications.
ACM Trans. Embedded Comput. Syst. 2(1): 98-130 (2003) |
| 23 |  | Seungkweon Jeong,
Naehyuck Chang,
Wook Hyun Kwon:
Response Time Driven Scheduling for Programmable Logic Controllers with Network-Based I/O Systems.
Real-Time Systems 25(1): 67-91 (2003) |
| 22 |  | Taewoong Kim,
Namyun Kim,
Heonshik Shin,
Naehyuck Chang:
Burst Mode Bandwidth Allocation for Real-Time Messages in IEEE 802.12 Networks.
Real-Time Systems 25(2-3): 207-229 (2003) |
| 2002 |
| 21 |  | Yongsoo Joo,
Yongseok Choi,
Hojun Shim,
Hyung Gyu Lee,
Kwanho Kim,
Naehyuck Chang:
Energy exploration and reduction of SDRAM memory systems.
DAC 2002: 892-897 |
| 20 |  | Inseok Choi,
Hojun Shim,
Naehyuck Chang:
Low-power color TFT LCD display for hand-held embedded systems.
ISLPED 2002: 112-117 |
| 19 |  | Saehwa Kim,
Seongsoo Hong,
Naehyuck Chang:
Scenario-Based Implementation Architecture for Real-Time Object-Oriented Models.
WORDS 2002: 147-152 |
| 18 |  | Dongkun Shin,
Hojun Shim,
Yongsoo Joo,
Han-Saem Yun,
Jihong Kim,
Naehyuck Chang:
Energy-Monitoring Tool for Low-Power Embedded Programs.
IEEE Design & Test of Computers 19(4): 7-17 (2002) |
| 17 |  | Naehyuck Chang,
Kwanho Kim,
Hyung Gyu Lee:
Cycle-accurate energy measurement and characterization with a case study of the ARM7TDMI [microprocessors].
IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst. 10(2): 146-154 (2002) |
| 16 |  | Minyoung Sung,
Soyoung Kim,
Sangsoo Park,
Naehyuck Chang,
Heonshik Shin:
Comparative performance evaluation of Java threads for embedded applications: Linux Thread vs. Green Thread.
Inf. Process. Lett. 84(4): 221-225 (2002) |
| 2001 |
| 15 |  | Dongkun Shin,
Jihong Kim,
Naehyuck Chang:
An operation rearrangement technique for power optimization in VLIM instruction fetch.
DATE 2001: 809 |
| 14 |  | Minseok Song,
Heonshik Shin,
Naehyuck Chang:
A QoS Negotiation Scheme for Efficient Failure Recovery in Multi-resolution Video Servers.
IDMS 2001: 62-73 |
| 13 |  | Sheayun Lee,
Andreas Ermedahl,
Sang Lyul Min,
Naehyuck Chang:
An Accurate Instruction-Level Energy Consumption Model for Embedded RISC Processors.
LCTES/OM 2001: 1-10 |
| 12 |  | Taehyoun Kim,
Naehyuck Chang,
Heonshik Shin:
Joint scheduling of garbage collector and hard real-time tasks for embedded applications.
Journal of Systems and Software 58(3): 247-260 (2001) |
| 2000 |
| 11 |  | Naehyuck Chang,
Kwanho Kim,
Jinsung Cho:
Bus encoding for low-power high-performance memory systems.
DAC 2000: 800-805 |
| 10 |  | Taewoong Kim,
Junghoon Lee,
Heonshik Shin,
Naehyuck Chang:
Best Case Response Time Analysis for Improved Schedulability Analysis of Distributed Real-Time Tasks.
ICDCS Workshop on Distributed Real-Time Systems 2000: B14-B20 |
| 9 |  | Taehyoun Kim,
Naehyuck Chang,
Heonshik Shin:
Bounding Worst Case Garbage Collection Time for Embedded Real-Time Systems.
IEEE Real Time Technology and Applications Symposium 2000: 46-55 |
| 8 |  | Naehyuck Chang,
Kwanho Kim,
Hyung Gyu Lee:
Cycle-accurate energy consumption measurement and analysis: case study of ARM7TDMI.
ISLPED 2000: 185-190 |
| 7 |  | Minseok Song,
Naehyuck Chang,
Heonshik Shin:
A new queue discipline for various delay and jitter requirements in real-time packet-switched networks.
RTCSA 2000: 191-198 |
| 1999 |
| 6 |  | Hyung Seok Kim,
Naehyuck Chang,
Wook Hyun Kwon:
A Translation Method for Ladder Diagram with Application to a Manufacturing Process.
ICRA 1999: 793-798 |
| 5 |  | Taehyoun Kim,
Naehyuck Chang,
Namyun Kim,
Heonshik Shin:
Scheduling Garbage Collector for Embedded Real-Time Systems.
Workshop on Languages, Compilers, and Tools for Embedded Systems 1999: 55-64 |
| 1998 |
| 4 |  | Taewoong Kim,
Heonshik Shin,
Naehyuck Chang:
Scheduling algorithm for hard real-time communication in demand priority network.
ECRTS 1998: 45-52 |
| 3 |  | Minyoung Sung,
Taehyoun Kim,
Naehyuck Chang,
Heonshik Shin:
Analysis of Real-Time Backplane Bus Network Based on Write Posting.
RTCSA 1998: 166- |
| 2 |  | Namyun Kim,
Taewoong Kim,
Naehyuck Chang,
Heonshik Shin:
Enhancing Response Times of End-to-End Tasks Using Slack of Local Tasks.
RTCSA 1998: 21- |
| 1 |  | Kyeonghoon Koo,
Gab Seon Rho,
Wook Hyun Kwon,
Jaehyun Park,
Naehyuck Chang:
Architectural design of an RISC processor for programmable logic controllers.
Journal of Systems Architecture 44(5): 311-325 (1998) |