3. ICDAR 1995: Montreal, Canada
Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, ICDAR 1995, August 14 - 15, 1995, Montreal, Canada. Volume II. IEEE Computer Society 1995
Poster Papers I
Francois Parmentier, Abdel Belaïd: Bibliography references validation using emergent architecture. 532-535
Toyohide Watanabe, Teruo Fukumura: A framework for validating recognized results in understanding table-form document images. 536-539
Ramaswamy Sivaramakrishnan, Ihsin T. Phillips, Jaekyu Ha, Suresh Subramanium, Robert M. Haralick: Zone classification in a document using the method of feature vector generation. 541-544
Gian Piero Zarri: The "Narrative Knowledge Representation Language", a knowledge-based approach for representing the "meaning" of textual documents. 545-548
Rainer Hoch: READLEX: a lexicon for the recognition and analysis of structured documents. 549-
Shih-Shien You, Gan-How Chang, Pao-Chung Chang, Bing-Shan Chien: A knowledge-based approach to Chinese archive document understanding. 553-556
Hyuk-Chul Kwon, Ho-Jeong Hwang, Min-Jung Kim, Seong-Whan Lee: Contextual postprocessing of a Korean OCR system by linguistic constraints. 557-562
Suzanne Liebowitz Taylor, Mark Lipshutz, Roslyn Weidner Nilson: Classification and functional decomposition of business documents. 563-566
Yuan Yan Tang, Hong Ma, Xiaogang Mao, Dan Liu, Ching Y. Suen: A new approach to document analysis based on modified fractal signature. 567-570
Yuan Yan Tang, Hong Ma, Dihua Xi, Yi Cheng, Ching Y. Suen: Extraction of reference lines from documents with grey-level background using sub-images of wavelets. 571-574
Gregory Butler, Peter Grogono, Rajjan Shinghal, Indra A. Tjandra: Analyzing the logical structure of data flow diagrams in software documents. 575-578
Jinhui Liu, Xiaoqing Ding, Youshou Wu: Description and recognition of form and automated form data entry. 579-582
Yuki Hirayama: A method for table structure analysis using DP matching. 583-586
Andreas Dengel, Frank Dubiel: Clustering and classification of document structure-a machine learning approach. 587-591
Lars Wiedenhifer, Hans-Günther Hein, Andreas Dengel: Post-processing of OCR results for automatic indexing. 592-596
Y. H. Liu-Gong, Bernard Dubuisson, H. N. Pham: A general analysis system for document's layout structure recognition. 597-600
Berrin A. Yanikoglu, Luc Vincent: Ground-truthing and benchmarking document page segmentation. 601-604

Sabine Randriamasy: A set-based benchmarking method for address bloc location on arbitrarily complex grey level images. 619-622
Kuo-Chin Fan, Jeng-Ming Lu, Jiing-Yuh Wang: A feature point clustering approach to the segmentation of form documents. 623-626
Kuo-Chin Fan, Den-Fong Chen, Ming-Gang Wen: A new vectorization-based approach to the skeletonization of binary images. 627-630
Moon-Soo Chang, Sun-Mee Kang, Woo-Sik Rho, Heok-Gu Kim, Duck-Jin Kim: Improved binarization algorithm for document image by histogram and edge detection. 636-639
Axel Braun, Torsten Caesar, Joachim M. Gloger, Eberhard Mandler: Preprocessing raw binary images by means of contours. 640-643
Hidekata Hontani, Shigeyoshi Shimotsuji: Character detection based on multi-scale measurement. 644-647
Norio Nakamura, Kenichi Hosaka, Masakazu Nagura: Drawing capturing system using image enhancement. 652-655
Kazuo Toraichi, Takahiko Horiuchi, Ryoji Haruki: Observation method for mathematical graphology. 656-659
Wen Gao, Shengfu Dong, Xilin Chen: A system for automatic Chinese seal imprint verification. 660-664
Katsuhiko Ueda: Extraction of signature and seal imprint from bankchecks by using color information. 665-668
Din-Chang Tseng, Yao-Fu Li, Cheng-Tan Tung: Circular histogram thresholding for color image segmentation. 673-676
Myoung-Young Yoon, Seong-Whan Lee, Ju-Sung Kim: Faxed image restoration using Kalman filtering. 677-680
Demin Wang, Véronique Haese-Coat, Joseph Ronsin: A shape band-pass filter for character recognition and texture segmentation. 681-684
Mingjing Li, Ru-Wei Dai: The field transform and its application to personal handwritten Chinese character recognition. 689-692


Graham Leedham, David Monger: Evaluation of an Interactive Tool for Handwritten Form Description. 706-706
Andy C. Downton, S. J. Hanlon, A. Amiri: A visual programming toolkit demonstrator for offline handwritten forms recognition. 707-710
Rolf-Dieter Bippus, Volker Märgner: Data structures and tools for document database generation: an experimental system. 711-714
Young-Joon Kim, Seong-Whan Lee, Myung-Won Kim: Parallel hardware implementation of handwritten character recognition system on wavefront array processor architecture. 715-
Shape Models
Geetha Srikantan, Dar-Shyang Lee, John T. Favata: Comparison of normalization methods for character recognition. 719-722
A. Lawrence Spitz: An OCR based on character shape codes and lexical information. 723-728
Tapas Kanungo, Robert M. Haralick, Henry S. Baird: Power functions and their use in selecting distance functions for document degradation model validation. 734-739
Abdel Wahab Zramdini, Rolf Ingold: A study of document image degradation effects on font recognition. 740-
Item Extraction
Arun Agarwal, Len Granowetter, Karim Hussein, Amar Gupta, Patrick Shen-Pei Wang: Detection of courtesy amount block on bank checks. 748-751
Jianxing Yuan, Yuan Yan Tang, Ching Y. Suen: Four directional adjacency graphs (FDAG) and their application in locating fields in forms. 752-755

Document Segmentation
Su S. Chen, Robert M. Haralick, Ihsin T. Phillips: Simultaneous word segmentation from document images using recursive morphological closing transform. 761-764
Ivan Leplumey, Jean Camillerapp, Charles Queguiner: Kalman filter contributions towards document segmentation. 765-769
Olivier Déforges, Dominique Barba: Segmentation of Complex Documents Multilevel Images: A Robust and Fast Text Bodies-Headers Detection and Extraction Scheme 770. 770-773
Laurence Likforman-Sulem, Anahid Hanimyan, Claudie Faure: A Hough based algorithm for extracting text lines in handwritten documents. 774-777
Peter Allen Stubberud, Junichi Kanai, Venugopal Kalluri: Adaptive image restoration of text images that contain touching or broken characters. 778-
Diagram/Drawing Understanding
Robert P. Futrelle, Nikos Nikolakis: Efficient analysis of complex diagrams using constraint-based parsing. 782-790
Yuhong Yu, Ashok Samal, Sharad C. Seth: A system for recognizing a large class of engineering drawings. 791-794
Juan F. Arias, Rangachar Kasturi, Atul K. Chhabra: Efficient techniques for telephone company line drawing interpretation. 795-798
Boris Pasternak: The role of taxonomy in drawing interpretation. 799-802
Bin Yu: Automatic understanding of symbol-connected diagrams. 803-
Poster Papers II
Jean-Pierre Drouhard, Robert Sabourin, Mario Godbout: Comparative study of the k nearest neighbour, threshold and neural network classifiers for handwritten signature verification using an enhanced directional PDF. 807-810
K. Kuhnke, L. Simoncini, Zsolt Miklós Kovács-Vajna: A system for machine-written and hand-written character distinction. 811-
Choonsuk Oh, Woo Sung Kim: Off-line recognition of handwritten Korean and alphanumeric characters using hidden Markov models. 815-818
Yoshihiko Hamamoto, Shunji Uchimura, K. Masamizu, Shingo Tomita: Recognition of handprinted Chinese characters using Gabor features. 819-823
Fu Chang, Yung-Ping Cheng, Yao-Sheng Huang: Hierarchical flexible matching for recognition of Chinese characters. 824-827
Mingjing Li, Ru-Wei Dai: A personal handwritten Chinese character recognition algorithm based on the generalized Hough transform. 828-831
Xin-Lun Zhou, Xing-Cheng Hua, Feng Li: A method of Jia Gu Wen recognition based on a two-level classification. 833-836
Ashutosh Malaviya, Liliane Peters: Extracting meaningful handwriting features with fuzzy aggregation method. 841-844
Alexander Filatov, Alexander Gitis, Igor Kil: Graph-based handwritten digit string recognition. 845-848
Gwo-En Wang, Jhing-Fa Wang: A multi-layer classifier for recognition of unconstrained handwritten numerals. 849-852
G. Congedo, Giovanni Dimauro, Sebastiano Impedovo, Giuseppe Pirlo: A structural method with local refining for handwritten character recognition. 853-856
A. Weigel, S. Baumann, J. Rohrschneider: Lexical postprocessing by heuristic search and automatic determination of the edit costs. 857-860
Najoua Essoukri Ben Amara, Noureddine Ellouze: A robust approach for Arabic printed character segmentation. 865-868
Katerin Romeo-Pakker, Housem Miled, Yves Lecourtier: A new approach for Latin/Arabic character segmentation. 874-877
H. Wehbi, H. Oulhadj, Jacques Lemoine, Eric Petit: Numeral characters and capital letters segmentation recognition in mixed handwriting context. 878-881
Seong Hoon Kim, Myoung Soo Park, Jaihie Kim: Applying personalized weights to a feature set for on-line signature verification. 882-885
Seung-Ho Lee, Hyunkyu Lee, Jin H. Kim: On-line cursive script recognition using an island-driven search technique. 886-889
Adel M. Alimi, O. A. Ghorbel: The analysis of error in an on-line recognition system of Arabic handwritten characters. 890-893
Myriam Côté, Eric Lecolinet, Mohamed Cheriet, Ching Y. Suen: Building a Perception Based Model for Reading Cursive Script. 898-901
Shinji Tsuruoka, Nobuyuki Watanabe, N. Minamide, Fumitaka Kimura, Yasuji Miyake, Malayappan Shridhar: Base line correction for handwritten word recognition. 902-905
Fumitaka Kimura, Yasuji Miyake, Malayappan Shridhar: Handwritten ZIP code recognition using lexicon free word recognition algorithm. 906-910
Sriganesh Madhvanath, Venu Govindaraju: Serial classifier combination for handwritten word recognition. 911-914
Torsten Caesar, Joachim M. Gloger, Eberhard Mandler: Using lexical knowledge for the recognition of poorly written words. 915-918
Chien-Huei Chen: Lexicon-driven word recognition. 919-922
Øivind Due Trier, Torfinn Taxt, Anil K. Jain: Data capture from maps based on gray scale topographic analysis. 923-926
Line Eikvil, Kjersti Aas, Hans Koren: Tools for interactive map conversion and vectorization. 927-930
John Shunen Shieh: Recursive morphological sieve method for searching pictorial point symbols on maps. 931-935
Osamu Shiku, Akira Nakamura, Masanori Anegawa, Hideaki Takahira, Hideo Kuroda: Extraction of slant character candidates from maps using circular templates. 936-939
Masanori Anegawa, Osamu Shiku, Akira Nakamura, T. Ohyamat, Hideo Kuroda: A system for recognizing numeric strings from topographical maps. 940-943
Phill-Kyu Rhee, Jei S. Park, Yeon Gu Kang: Rotation-invariant recognition of character strings for Korean cadastral map digitizing. 944-947
Jiing-Yuh Wang, Liang-Hua Chen, Kuo-Chin Fan, Hong-Yuan Mark Liao: Separation of Chinese characters from graphics. 948-951
Jaekyu Ha, Robert M. Haralick, Ihsin T. Phillips: Recursive X-Y cut using bounding boxes of connected components. 952-955
Koichi Kise, Noriyoshi Yoneda, Shinobu Takamatsu, Kunio Fukunaga: Interpretation of conceptual diagrams from line segments and strings. 960-963
Kathy Ryall, Stuart M. Shieber, Joe Marks, Murray Mazer: Semi-automatic delineation of regions in floor plans. 964-969
Vladimir M. Kiyko: Recognition of objects in images of paper based line drawings. 970-973
Tun-Wen Pai, Tieh-Ming Wu, Gan-How Chang, Pei-Yih Ting: An intelligent Chinese official document processing system. 974-977
Hong Guo, Xiaoqing Ding, Zhong Zhang, Fanxia Guo, Youshou Wu: Realization of a high-performance bilingual Chinese-English OCR system. 978-981
Francis Y. L. Chin, Francis Wu: A microprocessor-based optical character recognition check reader. 982-985
Jeong-Hun Jang, Jeong-Hoe Ku, Ki-Sang Hong, Jae-Ho Kim: Two-stage recognition of freight train ID number under outdoor environment. 986-991
Djamel Bouchaffra, Jean Guy Meunier: A Markovian random field approach to information retrieval. 997-
Word and Character Recognition
Thien M. Ha, D. Niggeler, Horst Bunke: A system for segmenting and recognising totally unconstrained handwritten numeral strings. 1003-1009
Seong-Whan Lee, Young-Joon Kim: Multiresolution recognition of handwritten numerals with wavelet transform and multilayer cluster neural network. 1010-1013
Toru Hisamitsu, Katsumi Marukawa, Yoshihiro Shima, Hiromichi Fujisawa, Yoshihiko Nitta: Optimal techniques in OCR error correction for Japanese texts. 1014-1017
Mounim A. El-Yacoubi, Jean-Michel Bertille, Michel Gilloux: Conjoined location and recognition of street names within a postal address delivery line. 1024-
Segmentation II

Atul Negi, K. S. Swaroop, Arun Agarwal: A correspondence based approach to segmentation of cursive words. 1034-1037
G. Congedo, Giovanni Dimauro, Sebastiano Impedovo, Giuseppe Pirlo: Segmentation of numeric strings. 1038-1041
Su Liang, Majid Ahmadi, Malayappan Shridhar: Segmentation of interference marks using morphological approach. 1042-1046
Claudio M. Privitera, Réjean Plamondon: A system for scanning and segmenting cursively handwritten words into basic strokes. 1047-
On-Line Recognition II
Byung Hwan Jun, Moo Young Kim, Chang Soo Kim, Woo Seong Kim, Jaihie Kim: On-line cursive Korean character recognition by using curvature models. 1051-1054
Luan Ling Lee: Neural approaches for human signature verification. 1055-1058
Toru Wakahara, Akira Suzuki, Naoki Nakajima, Sueharu Miyahara, Kazumi Odaka: On-line cursive Kanji character recognition as stroke correspondence problem. 1059-1064
Phill K. Rhee, T. Fujisaki: Intelligent document assistant processor for pen-based computing systems. 1065-1068
Dit-Yan Yeung: A grammatical inference approach to on-line handwriting modeling and recognition: a pilot study. 1069-
Theoretical Approach and Music Recognition
Hidetoshi Miyao, Yasuaki Nakano: Head and stem extraction from printed music scores using a neural network approach. 1074-1079
Stephan Baumann: A simplified attributed graph grammar for high-level music recognition. 1080-1083
Bertrand Coüasnon, Jean Camillerapp: A way to separate knowledge from program in structured document analysis: application to optical music recognition. 1092-
Learning
Domenic Ziino, Adnan Amin, Claude Sammut: Recognition of hand printed Latin characters using machine learning. 1098-1102
Tsutomu Matsunaga, Hiromi Kida: An experimental study of learning curves for statistical pattern classifiers. 1103-1106
Hirobumi Nishida: Automatic construction of structural models for unconstrained handwritten characters. 1107-1110
Layout Analysis
Jaekyu Ha, Robert M. Haralick, Ihsin T. Phillips: Document page decomposition by the bounding-box project. 1119-1122
Antonie Azokly, Rolf Ingold: A language for document generic layout description and its use for segmentation into regions. 1123-1126
Jaakko J. Sauvola, Matti Pietikäinen: Page segmentation and classification using fast feature extraction and connectivity analysis. 1127-1131
Apostolos Antonacopoulos, R. T. Ritchings: Representation and classification of complex-shaped printed regions using white tiles. 1132-1135
Francesca Cesarini, Marco Gori, Simone Marinai, Giovanni Soda: A system for data extraction from forms of known class. 1136-
Skew Detection and Processing
Nadine Rondel, Gilles Burel: Cooperation of multi-layer perceptrons for the estimation of skew angle in text document images. 1141-1144
Ray Smith: A simple and efficient skew detection algorithm via text row accumulation. 1145-1148
Chiu L. Yu, Yuan Yan Tang, Ching Y. Suen: Document skew detection based on the fractal and least squares method. 1149-1152
Su S. Chen, Robert M. Haralick, Ihsin T. Phillips: Automatic text skew estimation in document images. 1153-1156
I. S. I. Abuhaiba, S. Datta, Murray J. J. Holt: Processing of text documents: straight line approximation and lost loop recovery. 1157-
Storage and Retrieval
R. Safari, N. Narasimhamurthi, Malayappan Shridhar, M. Alumadi: Document registration using projective geometry. 1161-1164
Rohini K. Srihari: Automatic indexing and content-based retrieval of captioned photographs. 1165-1168
Chin Lu, K. H. Lee, H. Y. Chen: TheSys - A comprehensive thesaurus system for intelligent document analysis and text retrieval. 1169-1173
Mark Peairs: Iconic paper. 1174-1179
Marcel Worring, Rein van den Boomgaard, Arnold W. M. Smeulders: Evaluation of an interactive tool for handwritten form description. 1185-



